LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

of October 10, 2022 No. 208-Z

On regulation of safety when using atomic energy

Accepted by the House of Representatives on September 20, 2022

Approved by Council of the Republic on September 26, 2022

Chapter 1. General provisions

Article 1. The main terms used in this Law and their determinations

In this Law the following main terms and their determinations are used:

emergency readiness - capability quickly to take the measures which are effectively mitigating and minimizing effects of nuclear and (or) radiation accidents which can arise when implementing activities in the field of use of atomic energy, for life and health of the population and the environment;

emergency reaction - taking measures, directed to liquidation, restriction and minimization of effects of nuclear and (or) radiation accidents which can arise when implementing activities in the field of use of atomic energy;

nuclear power plant - the nuclear installation located within certain territory, intended for production of electrical and heat energy in the set modes and conditions of application on which for implementation of this purpose the nuclear reactor (reactors) and complex of systems, devices, the equipment and constructions, necessary for its functioning, are used;

atomic energy - the energy which is released in nuclear reactions and in case of radioactive decay and also energy of the generated ionizing radiation;

commissioning of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item - process in case of which are brought to operating state of system and elements of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, Item of burial and is estimated their compliance to the project on nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item;

the probabilistic analysis of safety - the qualitative and quantitative analysis of safety of nuclear power plant made for determination of probability of severe accidents and big emergency emission;

conclusion from operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage - the process directed to the termination of further use to destination of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage in case of which safety of life and health of the population and the environment is ensured;

state regulation in the field of safety when using atomic energy - the activities regulated by the legislation on nuclear safety connected with establishment of conditions, prohibitions, restrictions and other requirements, obligatory for observance, decision making about admissibility of implementation of activities in the field of use of atomic energy, determination of conditions of its implementation and control over the implementation of the established requirements;

public administration in the field of safety when using atomic energy - the activities of authorized state bodies and organizations aimed at providing safe functioning of subjects to use of atomic energy and development of nuclear power engineering;

the deterministic analysis of safety - the analysis of safety of subjects to use of atomic energy in case of their set operational conditions, the accepted initial events and the set conditions of the systems and elements influencing ways of course of accidents which is carried out for the purpose of confirmation of conformity of subjects to use of atomic energy to the established criteria of safety and (or) project limits;

activities in the field of use of atomic energy - the reasonable activities connected with stages of lifecycle of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item, the treatment of nuclear materials, radioactive materials, including the radioactive waste which are formed (placed) as a result of operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item (further - radioactive waste);

lifecycle of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item - placement, development of the preproject (pre-investment) and project documentation, accomplishment of prospecting works, designing, production (production), construction, operation, prolongation of useful life of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item, conclusion from operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, closing of Item of burial;

closing of Item of burial - activities for reduction of Item of burial in the condition ensuring safety of life and health of the population and the environment during the period of potential danger of the radioactive waste placed in it which is performed after completion of technological transactions on placement in it radioactive waste;

burial of radioactive waste - safe placement of radioactive waste in burial Item without intention of their subsequent extraction;

use of atomic energy - use of nuclear materials and (or) radioactive materials, including energy production on nuclear power plants by transformation of atomic energy, and also use of the specified materials and substances in scientific, production and other peace purposes;

the treatment of nuclear materials - the activities connected with production (production), realization, operation, storage, transportation (transportation), conversion of nuclear materials and also other types of activity connected with nuclear materials, provided by legal acts;

subjects to use of atomic energy - nuclear installations; the sources of ionizing radiation used in engineering procedure of nuclear installation; storage Items; burial Items; nuclear materials, including nuclear fuel, spent nuclear fuel; radioactive waste;

the organization for the treatment of nuclear materials - the legal entity performing by own forces or with involvement of other legal entities activities for the treatment of the nuclear materials which are not part of nuclear fuel or spent nuclear fuel;

spent nuclear fuel - the nuclear fuel irradiated in active zone of nuclear installation and finally removed from it;

safety assessment - actions for determination of level of safety of subject to use of atomic energy and realization of the main criteria of safety established by the project documentation, regulatory legal acts, including technical regulatory legal acts, obligatory for observance, in the field of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety, including carrying out the analysis of safety, including the deterministic and probabilistic analysis of safety;

prolongation of useful life of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item - activities for increase in useful life of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item over the normative useful life established by the project on nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item;

the project on nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item - the preproject (pre-investment) documentation including reasons for investments, environmental impact assessment, the project documentation, including architectural and construction projects, technical documentation, reasons for safety and other documentation including reflecting questions of taking note of human factor, the organization of management system and ensuring optimum work of the operating organization necessary for placement, constructions, operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, Item of burial and conclusion from operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, closing of Item of burial according to requirements of regulatory legal acts, including technical regulatory legal acts, obligatory for observance;

designing - activities for project development on nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item;

burial Item - the stationary object and (or) construction intended for placement of radioactive waste without intention of their subsequent extraction and ensuring radiation safety, safety of life and health of the population and the environment during the period of potential danger of radioactive waste;

storage Item - the stationary object and (or) construction intended for storage of nuclear materials and (or) radioactive waste;

the mode of constant surveillance - the mode providing implementation by the checking officials of control (supervising) actions within the state supervision in the field of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety on permanent basis;

construction of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item - the type of activity in the field of use of atomic energy including installation, adjustment, commissioning, including processes of production and assembly of nodes of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, Item of burial, construction of constructions and communications, installations of nodes and the equipment, carrying out the corresponding testing;

aging of nuclear installation - general process in case of which characteristics of systems, designs and elements of nuclear installation gradually change in time and in process of operation;

configuration management - process of identification and documentation of characteristics of designs, systems and elements of subject to use of atomic energy (including computer systems and the software), and also providing the fact that changes of these characteristics are properly developed, approved, checked, estimated (safety passed the examination), are registered and realized according to requirements of regulatory legal acts, including technical regulatory legal acts, obligatory for observance, in the field of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety;

management of aging of nuclear installation - system of the organizational, technical and operational actions performed for the purpose of identification of effects of aging and deduction in acceptable borders of degradation of systems, designs and elements of nuclear installation owing to aging that means ensuring readiness of required functions of safety during all service life of nuclear installation taking into account changes which happen in time and in process of operation;

physical protection - the type of activity in the field of safety when using atomic energy performed for the purpose of prevention of unauthorized actions concerning subjects to use of atomic energy;

physical nuclear safety - the condition of security of life and the health of the population and the environment reached by realization of package of measures, directed to the prevention, detection, prevention and response to the facts of diversions, plunders, unauthorized access, illegal transfers and addresses, other illegal actions concerning subjects to use of atomic energy, the operating organizations, and also on strengthening of non-proliferation regime of nuclear weapon;

storage of radioactive waste - temporary content of radioactive waste in reservoirs (storages) providing isolation of radioactive waste according to requirements of the legislation on radiation safety with intention of their subsequent extraction;

safety examination - performance of works and (or) rendering services by the legal entities having rights of implementation of activities in the field of use of atomic energy and sources of ionizing radiation (further - the expert organizations), on specific questions in the field of use of atomic energy when evaluating safety;

the operating organization - the legal entity created for implementation by own forces or with involvement of other legal entities of activities for placement, designing, construction, operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, Item of burial and conclusion from operation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, to closing of Item of burial;

the power unit of nuclear power plant - the part of nuclear power plant representing the nuclear reactor with the generating and other equipment, providing functions of nuclear power plant;

nuclear accident - the accident which is followed by damage of the fuel elements in case of which the limits of safe operation set by the project documentation, or the accident without damage of the fuel elements caused by violation of control and management of chain reaction of division, emergence of criticality in case of overload, transportation (transportation) or storage of nuclear fuel are exceeded;

nuclear safety - the condition of security of life and health of the population and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation of nuclear installation and (or) Item of storage, burial Item provided with achievement of proper conditions of their operation, and also the proper treatment of nuclear materials and radioactive waste;

nuclear installation - constructions and complexes with the nuclear reactor (reactors), including constructions and complexes with industrial, power, experimental and research nuclear reactors, critical and subcritical nuclear stands (assemblies);

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