of March 14, 2006 No. 3522-IV
About the Nation-wide program of overcoming effects of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash for 2006 - 2010
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decides:
1. Approve the Nation-wide program of overcoming effects of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash for 2006 - 2010 which is attached.
2. To the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine:
provide accomplishment of the Nation-wide program of overcoming effects of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash for 2006 - 2010;
when forming the draft of the Government budget of Ukraine for the corresponding year to provide financing expenses of measures of the specified Program, proceeding from financial opportunities of the government budget.
3. This Law becomes effective since January 1, 2007.
President of Ukraine V. Yushchenko
Approved by the Law of Ukraine of March 14, 2006 No. 3522-IV
Almost in 20 years which passed after the Chernobyl accident, the radiation condition of the territories which underwent to radioactive pollution improved. It was promoted by natural processes and implementation of measures for prevention of removal of radionuclides out of exclusion zone limits, overcoming effects of accident in agricultural production, carrying out decontamination works that led to decrease in levels of radiation of the people living in the territories which underwent to radioactive pollution.
Financing of measures for mitigation of consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash in 1996 - 2005 was performed according to the appropriate budget programs executed not in full is preferential owing to limited budget financing. As a result new economic and social problems accumulate.
According to the Nation-wide program of overcoming effects of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash for 2006 - 2010 (daleeprogramm) it is necessary to realize measures for further social, medical and psychological recovery of the population and its antiradiation protection, to generally complete economic recovery of the settlements and the territories outside exclusion zone which underwent to radioactive pollution, and also places of compact accommodation of the moved citizens, to provide preserving their cultural and historical heritage.
As a result of emission of radioactive materials from the fourth block of the Chernobyl NPP destroyed on April 26, 1986 it is contaminated over 53,5 of one thousand square kilometers of the territory of Ukraine. The territory of exclusion zone from which in 1986 evacuation of the population is carried out is the most contaminated.
The territory of this zone constitutes 2044 square kilometers. In 1998 part of the territory of zone of unconditional (obligatory) settling out is attached to the territory of exclusion zone (further - exclusion zone) and now total area of exclusion zone constitutes 2598 square kilometers. This territory belongs to the sphere of management of the central executive body concerning emergency situations and for protection of the population against effects of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash.
Are characteristic of exclusion zone:
high density of radionuclides on the Earth's surface and their high concentration in surface water;
availability of the localized radioactivity sources, big on general activity (object "Shelter", Items of burial and Items of temporary localization of radioactive waste);
forming within its territory of the main part of pollution of drain of Dnieper River;
the special landscape conditions promoting increase in migration of radionuclides food chains;
termination of traditional economic activity.
The main radionuclides determining pollution of exclusion zone are caesium-137, strontium-90 and the alpha radiating transuranic elements which total inventories in this zone constitute more than 760 x (10 in step. 15) activity becquerels.
Caesium-137 causes over 90 percent (the amount of all radionuclides of emergency origin) of external radiation of the personnel working in exclusion zone and also the population living in the territory which underwent to radioactive pollution (external and internal radiation) at present.
The main amount of radioactive materials is concentrated on object "Shelter", that is about 200 tons of the irradiated and fresh nuclear fuel mixed with other materials in various forms. General activity of dolgosushchestvuyushchy radionuclides makes about 740 x (10 in step. 15) becquerels. Object "Shelter" performs the protective functions within nineteen years, however its stability cannot be guaranteed further. There is urgent need in transformation of this object to ecologically safe system.
Activity of the radioactive waste (further - Russian joint stock company) concentrated in Items of their burial and Items of temporary localization makes over 8 x (10 in step. 15) becquerels. These Items are created in 1986 - 1987 in the course of deactivation of the territories which underwent to radioactive pollution.
The area of the territory with pollution density caesium - 137 over 555 kilobecquerels on 1 square meter (or 15 curies on 1 square kilometer), radioactive strontium over 111 kilobecquerels on 1 square meter (or 3 curies on 1 square kilometer) and plutonium over 3,7 of kilobecquerels on 1 square meter (or curie 0,1 on 1 square kilometer) is equal about 1800 square kilometers. The amount of annual removal out of limits of exclusion zone of these radionuclides makes approximately (0,5-3) x (10 in step. 3) percent of inventories in natural ecosystems and (1-7) x (10 in step. 7) percent of inventories of natural and technogenic complex (including object "Shelter").
The territory of exclusion zone is big and permanent source of radionuclides to regions, adjacent with zone, and at the same time as showed results of researches, - effective protective barrier from distribution of radionuclides in the territory of Ukraine and Belarus.
Degree of its danger to the inhabited territories depends on reliability of barrier properties of this zone.
Except for the first three years after the Chernobyl accident, for an appreciable length of time the main dozoobrazuyushchy radionuclide is and in the next years there will be caesium-137, which creates over 90 percent of dose of additional radiation of the population living in the contaminated territories.
In 1998 - 2000 only in 15 settlements annual doses of radiation because of radioactive pollution as a result of the Chernobyl catastrophic crash exceeded 5 millisieverts (level of reference of the territory to zone of unconditional (obligatory) settling out). In 440 settlements these doses exceeded 1 millisievert (level of reference of the territory to zone of the guaranteed voluntary settling out). Due to the consumption of the contaminated products for the majority of the population living in the territories of the Ukrainian Polesia which underwent to radioactive pollution to 90 percent of dose of additional radiation are caused by internal radiation.
The main component of dose of internal radiation is caused by caesium-137. Strontium-90 has essential radiological value (to 30 percent of dose of additional radiation) only in the territory, adjacent with exclusion zone (northern part Kiev, Zhytomyr and the western part Chernihiv areas) where the annual average total dose of radiation does not exceed 1 millisieverts.
Analysis results of milk of cows in 2004 demonstrate that in 363 settlements indicators of the state sanitary standard rates on caesium-137 content are exceeded. This exceeding is observed first of all in those farms where for pasture of the cattle and procurement of hay use haymakings and pastures, unsuitable for this purpose on radiological indicators.
The maximum levels of pollution of food creating the greatest dose of additional radiation (milk and meat of cattle and geese), exceed indicators of the state sanitary standard rates in two-three, and sometimes and more time.
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