of October 29, 1991 No. 1202-XII
About education in the Republic of Belarus
State policy in the field of education is based on the following principles:
priority of education;
obligation of general basic education;
implementation of transition to compulsory general secondary education;
availability preschool, professional and on competitive basis of secondary vocational and higher education;
succession and continuity of levels and steps of education;
national and cultural basis of education;
priority of universal values, human rights, humanistic nature of education;
scientific character;
ecological orientation of education;
democratic nature of management of education;
secular nature of education.
In the organizations of education system (further - organizations of education) creation and activities of political parties, other public associations pursuing political goals, and also creation and the anonymous or contradicting the legislation other activities of the religious organizations are not allowed.
Organizations of education in questions of educational activities based on written applications of legal representatives of children (full age students) in nonlearning time can interact with the registered religious organizations taking into account their influence on forming of spiritual, cultural and state traditions of the Belarusian people. The procedure, conditions, content and forms of such interaction are determined by the Government of the Republic of Belarus in coordination with the President of the Republic of Belarus.
Education - the training process and education for the benefit of the person, society, the state directed to preserving, enhancement and transfer of knowledge to new generations, requirements satisfaction of the personality in intellectual, cultural, moral, physical development on training of qualified personnel for economy industries.
Education is subdivided into the main and additional, includes all types and forms of the educational activities performed by the public and private institutions of education.
Each citizen of the Republic of Belarus has the right to education. Restrictions of the rights to education can be set only by the law.
The right to free general average, professional and on competitive basis of free secondary vocational and higher education in organizations of education is guaranteed to citizens of the Republic of Belarus.
The foreign citizens and persons without citizenship who are constantly living in the Republic of Belarus have rights to education, equal with citizens of the Republic of Belarus, if other is not defined by the laws and international treaties of the Republic of Belarus.
The right to training and procedure for training of other foreign citizens are established by acts of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
The right of citizens to education is provided:
development of network of organizations of formation of education system;
creation of social and economic conditions for receipt of free education in public institutions of education;
partial or complete financing from republican and (or) local budgets of maintenance costs of the citizens needing the public assistance during training. Categories of citizens, the sizes and forms of the given help are established by the Government of the Republic of Belarus;
prohibition of reducing in public institutions of formation of number of the places intended for receipt of free education by citizens due to increase in acceptance of persons at paid form of education;
creation of conditions for education taking into account national traditions, and also individual requirements, capabilities and requests of studying (pupils);
availability of various forms of education, types of organizations of education;
creation of necessary conditions for education and social adaptation to persons with features of psychophysical development;
provision of possibility of education for a fee;
creation of credit granting system of the citizens getting education for a fee.
The legislation of the Republic of Belarus on education is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, consists of acts of the President of the Republic of Belarus, this Law and other acts of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus and is applied to the relations arising in the field of education with participation of physical persons and legal entities of the Republic of Belarus, and also foreign citizens, stateless persons, the foreign and international organizations, foreign states if these relations arose in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
If the international treaty of the Republic of Belarus establishes other rules, than those which contain in this Law then are applied rules of the international treaty.
The main languages of training and education in organizations of formation of the Republic of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian. In the organizations providing the higher education, training and education can be also performed in other languages in case of education by foreign citizens. The state guarantees to citizens option of language of training and education and creates the corresponding conditions for realization of this right. Training at Belarusian, the edition of literature, textbooks and education guidances at Belarusian is given the state support.
Studying Belarusian, Russian and one of foreign languages in educational institutions is obligatory, except for separate categories of persons with features of psychophysical development.
According to wishes of pupils, pupils and their legal representatives according to the decision of local executive and administrative organs approved with the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus groups in preschool institutions can be created, classes in educational institutions or preschool and educational institutions in which training and education are performed in language of ethnic minority or language of ethnic minority is learned.
The national education system includes:
participants of educational process;
the educational standards developed on their basis curricula and training programs;
the organizations of education and other organizations providing effective functioning of education system;
republican state bodies, local executive and administrative organs, other state bodies and the organizations under which supervision organizations of education, within their powers in the field of education are.
The main education in the Republic of Belarus includes the following levels:
preschool education;
general basic education;
general secondary education;
vocational training;
secondary vocational education;
the higher education;
postgraduate education.
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The document ceased to be valid according to the Code on education of 13.01.2011 No. 243-Z