Approved by the order of Committee on the state control of emergency situations and industrial safety of the Ministry on emergency situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 20, 2008 No. 33

Methodical instructions in case of development of gas and gas-condensate fields

Chapter 1. General provisions

1. These methodical instructions establish the technical regulations having advisory nature in case of development of gas and gas-condensate fields.

2. Development of gas and gas-condensate fields is performed according to the approved projects of development and arrangement of trade.

3. Basic provisions of the project of development are subject to reasons by the corresponding gasdynamic and technical and economic calculations.

4. The amendments and partial changes which are improving conditions of mining (deposit), but essentially not changing basic provisions of the approved project of development are allowed on condition of approval (and the corresponding registration) with the projecting organization.

5. In need of entering of basic changes into the approved project of development the last again peresostavlyatsya (the specified project of development) and affirms in accordance with the established procedure.

6. In the project of development it is necessary to consider all actions providing the greatest possible extraction of gas, condensate and the accompanying components, protection of subsoil.

7. Methodical instructions in case of development is the basis for creation of the project of arrangement which provides construction of objects for collection, cleaning, transport and use of gas, condensate and passing components.

8. In case of development of the gas-condensate field, with maintenance of reservoir pressure, in the project of development it is necessary to resolve also such issues as determination of quantity and system of arrangement of operational and delivery wells, downloading amounts in layer of the working agent, duration of the period of maintenance of reservoir pressure and aggregate term of mining, amount of the extracted condensate and other technological and technical and economic indicators.

Chapter 2. Well-drilling

Paragraph 1. General provisions on the organization of drilling of gas wells

9. Drilling of operational wells should be carried out according to requirements of "Single technical rules of conducting works in case of well-drilling on oil, gas and gas-condensate fields", the approved deputy minister of geology and protection of subsoil of the Republic of Kazakhstan of October 12, 1994 and the first deputy minister of the oil and gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan of November 10, 1994.

10. On gas and gas-condensate fields with the proved productivity the design of exploratory wells is accepted taking into account possible transfer of these wells to operation.

Paragraph 2. Transfer of wells to operation

11. Transfer of gas and gas-condensate wells to operation is performed by the commission as a part of the representatives transferring, the accepting parties, authorized body in the field of industrial safety and authorized body on use and protection of subsoil.

12. Transfer of exploratory well to operation is drawn up by the relevant act in which the following data are reflected:

1) data on start and end dates of drilling of well, location and conditional coordinates of well, mouth altitude (columned flange under gushing armature with indication of on exceeding of table of rotor from which measurements of depths in the course of drilling were taken); well design with indication of brand and thickness of walls of casing pipes, depth of descent and diameter of casing and gushing pipes, the face equipment, nature of opening, height and condition of cement ring;

2) the complete chemical analysis of reservoir and estuarial gas, fractional, group and chemical composition of condensate and if there is oil rim, then and oils;

3) the collection properties of the gas-bearing horizons determined on laboratory (on core), to trade and geophysical data;

4) density and chemical composition of zakonturny waters of the productive horizons;

5) the description of all carried-out research works with appendix of the obtained actual data;

6) results of data processing of researches;

7) in case of carrying out from well of water and sand the well operating mode is specified;

8) act of hermeticity of operational column and condition of interpipe spaces.

13. To the deed of conveyance of exploratory well in operation the passport of well, geophysical materials and analysis results of core material, gas, condensate (oil) and water, case of well is given.

14. The operational gas well is put from drilling into operation after its development and working off on torch within 72 hours on condition of hermeticity of columns and the estuarial equipment. If necessary the term of working off of well is allowed to be increased by torch in coordination with territorial subdivision of authorized body. In the presence of intercolumned pressure as exception, well it is allowed to put into operation in case of the positive conclusion of territorial subdivisions of authorized body.

15. Before transfer of well to operation to the contractor it is recommended:

1) to establish gushing armature, to lower gushing pipes in well;

2) to remove derrick, privyshechny constructions and drilling equipment, to level the platform around well, to fill up holes and trenches, to perform other works provided by rules of industrial safety and fire safety.

16. Before accomplishment of the works stated above input of wells in operation is not allowed.

17. The actual depth of the drilled well is determined upon termination of drilling, before descent of upsetting column, by the measurement of length of boring pipes steel roulette which is carried out by the drilling foreman with the representative of geological service with creation of the act on control measurement. Depth of well is checked according to logging; depth of artificial face is determined before development of well.

Chapter 3. Preparation of gas and gas-condensate fields for development

Paragraph 1. Classification gas and gas-condensate field (deposits)

18. On complexity of geological structure of the productive horizons gas and gas-condensate fields are subdivided into two primary groups:

1) the fields of complex geological structure (broken by tectonic violations into number of blocks and zones having changeable nature of the productive horizons - lithologic structure, collection properties and another);

2) fields of simple geological structure (productive layers on these fields are characterized by relative consistency of lithologic structure, collection properties and the productive horizons on all area of deposit).

19. On number of the productive horizons (deposits) of the field are subdivided on;

1) one-bedded;

2) multibedded.

20. On number of subjects to mining are subdivided on;

1) one-object when there is only one deposit, or all deposits unite in one object of development;

2) multi-object when several objects of development are allocated.

21. On availability or lack of condensate of the field are subdivided on;

1) gas which of gas in case of pressure decrease and temperatures release of liquid hydrocarbons does not happen;

2) gas-condensate which of gas in case of pressure decrease and temperatures there is release of liquid hydrocarbons.

22. Gas-condensate fields (deposits) on content of stable condensate are subdivided into the following groups:

1) the I group, with insignificant content of stable condensate - to 10 cm / cube/m/cube;

2) the II group, with small content - from 10 to 150 cm / cube/m/cube;

3) III group, with high

III group, with average content - from 150 to 300 cm / cube/m/cube;

The IV group, with high content - from 300 to 600 cm / cube/m/cube;

The V group, with very high content - over 600 cm / cube/m/cube.

23. Depending on content of stable condensate, the thermodynamic characteristic and geological conditions gas-condensate fields can be developed:

1) without maintenance of reservoir pressure (as net gas fields);

2) with maintenance of reservoir pressure.

24. On availability or lack of oil in layer gas and gazokoidensatny deposits can be subdivided into groups:

1) deposits without oil rim or with oil rim of nonindustrial value;

2) deposits with oil rim of industrial value.

25. On debitnost (the greatest possible working output) of wells gas and gazokoidensatny fields (deposits, objects of development) can be subdivided into the following groups:

1) nizkodebitny - to 25 thousand m/cubes/days;

2) marginal - 25 - 100 thousand m/cubes/days;

3) srednedebitny - 100 - 500 thousand m/cubes/days;

4) high-output - 500 - 1000 thousand m/cubes/days;

5) superhigh-output - over 1000 thousand m/cubes/days.

26. In size of initial reservoir pressures deposits are allocated:

1) low pressure - to 60 kg/cm/kV;

2) average pressure - from 60 to 100 kg/cm/kV;

3) high pressure - from 100 to 300 kg/cm/kV;

4) ultrahigh pressure - over 300 kg/cm / quarter.

Paragraph 2. Investigation of gas and gas-condensate fields

27. The prospecting organizations, irrespective of departmental subordination, in case of investigation of gas and gas-condensate fields should be provided assessment of inventories of gas and condensate with degree of the reliability sufficient for their transfer to development or trial operation, according to relevant provisions, at the time of production of prospecting works and to obtain other basic data necessary for designing of trial operation and development of fields in case of the most optimum economic indicators.

28. Stock counting of gas and condensate of gas and gas-condensate fields is made by volume method or on pressure drop according to trial operation.

29. Degree of extent of exploration of the gas and gas-condensate fields which are subject to industrial development and trial operation satisfies to the ratio of category of inventories of gas and condensate provided by existing rules at the time of stock counting.

30. In case of investigation of gas and gas-condensate fields (deposits) and preparation they to development should be provided:

1) dokazatel of availability or lack of oil rim of industrial value;

2) carrying out full approbations and researches on several wells for the purpose of receipt of key parameters of deposit;

3) determination of key parameters of the collectors which enough are full characterizing the productive horizons both on section, and on the area;

4) determination of provision of contacts of gas and gas-oil deposits;

5) determination of characteristic structural and geometrical features of structure of deposit.

31. In case of investigation of gas and gas-condensate fields required condition is the maximum reducing terms of investigation, receipt of the corresponding indicators for preparation of fields for trial operation and their subsequent transfer to development that provides:

1) combination of stages of investigation and designing of development; it is reached by the fact that after receipt of industrial inflows of gas in search wells laying of exploratory wells is made on the project of investigation or additional exploration taking into account probable arrangement of future operational wells;

2) the choice of the design of wells meeting the requirements of their operation;

3) allocation of stages of investigation of multibedded fields taking into account their development;

4) determination of gas-water contact in the settlement way;

5) implementation of well-drilling for the proof of lack of oil rims of industrial value;

6) application of the most rational complexes of the trade and geologic-geophysical well surveys providing the corresponding parameters for designing of trial operation and development of gas and gas-condensate fields.

Paragraph 3. Geological field researches in exploratory wells, for receipt of basic data on designing of trial operation and development of gas and gas-condensate fields

32. On exploratory wells it is made:

1) studying of litologo-stratigrafichesky section on the core, slime, samples which are selected by side gruntonos, and complex of geologic-geophysical researches;

2) identification by the productive horizons;

3) determination of the main characteristics of the productive horizons: capacities, physical properties of collectors - porosity, permeability, the connected water, oil and others on trade and geophysical, laboratory and hydrodynamic researches;

4) studying of tires;

5) determination of initial provision gas-water and gas-oil (in oil and gas deposits) contacts;

6) determination of productivity of wells.

33. For the purpose of studying of data for stock countings of gas and designing of mining continuous or selective coring follows from the productive horizons in the wells planned by the project of investigation so that almost taken out core provided rather total characteristic of physical properties of productive layers and the deposits accomodating them.

34. In all exploratory wells the full range of trade geophysical surveys, including determination of curvature and azimuth of trunk of wells is carried out.

The driving without logging, measurement of curvature and azimuth of well is not allowed more than 200 m.

35. The amount and types of geological field researches when drilling exploratory wells are established by the geological and technical job specification approved according to projects of investigation and trial operation of the field.

36. In all cases after cementage of column it is necessary to determine height of raising of cement behind column, quality of cementage tsementomer or other methods.

37. On each prospecting square it is necessary to determine geothermal gradient in the wells which are specially prepared for this purpose.

38. In case of receipt of inflow of water together with gas it is necessary to determine the place of inflow by special researches by means of the electrothermometer, rezistivimetr or other methods.

39. On the wells which were this gas it is carried out:

1) measurement of static pressure upon the mouth (model manometers) and determination of reservoir pressure (as a rule, deep manometers and in exceptional cases calculation);

2) determination of output of gas and condensate at least on 5 - 7 operating modes of well;

3) measurement of dynamic pressure upon the mouth (model manometers) and determination of bottomhole pressure (deep manometers or calculation) in case of different operating modes of well;

4) removal of curves of stabilization of pressure and curve of increase of pressure;

5) measurement of temperature on face and on well trunk in case of different outputs of gas;

6) determination of quantity and composition of the taken-out water and solid impurity in case of different outputs of gas;

7) sampling of gas and condensate for determination of their chemical composition, studying of conditions of loss of condensate, determination of availability of corrosion components (hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid - in gas, organic acids - in liquid phase);

8) in need of work on increase in output of well (intensification).

40. On the wells which were this water (zakonturny and intra planimetric), it is made:

1) pumping of water to permanency of chemical composition;

2) measurements of reservoir pressure (deep manometers), static level, removal of indicator curve and curves of recovery of pressure;

3) selection of deep tests of water for the chemical analysis and determination of quantity and composition of dissolved gas.

41. On wells with signs of oil or this oil the complex of researches provided by rules of development of oil fields is conducted.

42. Plans and terms of carrying out researches (trial operation) on exploratory wells are coordinated with territorial subdivisions of authorized body in the area industrial safety.

Paragraph 4. Development and research of gas and gas-condensate wells

43. In the course of carrying out prospecting drilling it is necessary to provide separate approbation of all revealed and perspective layers (horizons).

44. Development of gas wells is allowed to be made only in case of installation of gushing fittings of the corresponding pressure and binding of discharge manifolds of the wells allowing to make required sampling, measurements of pressure and temperature. Gushing armature and system of manifolds it is necessary to fix and pressure up on the polutorakratny expected estuarial pressure.

45. In conditions when productive layers are provided by slightly cemented breeds or wells are dated for prikontaktny zones, process of development of wells is made especially carefully, without sharp pressure decrease on layer.

46. To minimize danger of destruction of bottomhole zone in friable collectors or pullings up of fluids from contiguous zones of layer in jointed collectors, it is necessary to carry out development of wells in two steps:

1) the I stage - development of wells in case of small depressions;

2) the II stage - development of wells more intensive (in case of big depressions).

47. In the course of well survey follows:

1) to select tests of gas and condensate for laboratory studying of composition of reservoir gas, content of condensate in gas, conditions of loss of condensate in layer, its possible losses and another;

2) in the presence of condensate in gas to study loss of condensate in separators with different pressure and temperatures;

3) to determine change of temperature of gas in trunk of well and in separators in case of different outputs of wells;

4) to study conditions of release of condensation water and hydrate formation in trunk of well and bottomhole zone;

5) to study possibility of overflows of gas in other layers, availability of intercolumned omissions of gas;

6) to determine actually working intervals of the opened capacity of layer and distribution of outputs by separate seams;

7) to find out conditions of destruction of bottomhole zone of layer;

8) to study efficiency of application of methods of intensification of inflow to well and to find out the best conditions of opening of layer;

9) to study corrosion aggression of gas-liquid flow, speed and nature of corrosion for the choice of method of fight against it;

10) to establish optimum outputs and service conditions of wells and development of deposits (fields).

48. On the mouth of the researched wells, on loop, separator and in the taking-away gas pipeline it is necessary to establish model manometers on the corresponding pressure and pockets under thermometers are cut.

49. Studying of intensity of carrying out of breed and liquid is made by measurement of their quantity in sand traps or separators. These data should be registered on each operating mode of well. Especially carefully it is necessary to measure amount of the dropped-out sand in the first days of operation.

50. It is necessary to measure periodically well face, to watch its condition.

51. For more reliable determination of amount of the taken-out sand, stability of output and another are in some cases carried out special (long) testing of wells.

52. In case of well surveys on kondensatnost it is necessary to have the portable or trade separation plant which can measure amount of liquid and to select tests of gas and condensate.

53. Researches on gazokondensatnost are conducted without fail in the first productive exploratory wells, and then periodically specified in the course of trial operation and development, and it is necessary to include the following determinations:

1) amount of the condensate which is emitted in separators (crude and stable) in cm of 3/m 3 gas with different pressure and temperatures and its structure;

2) amount of propane, buds and liquid hydrocarbons (C5 + высш.), remaining in dissolved condition in the gas which is coming out separator depending on temperature and pressure in separator;

3) condensation isotherms for reservoir gas;

4) pressure of the maximum condensation;

5) composition of reservoir gas and potential content in it liquid hydrocarbons (C5 + высш.);

6) phase condition of gas-condensate system in layer;

7) pressure of the beginning of condensation in layer;

8) amount of the emitted condensate in case of gas flow from face to the mouth;

9) quantity of the liquid phase which is allocated from the separated gas at temperatures and pressure of the gas pipeline.

54. During trial operation for assessment of distribution of chemical composition of natural gas it is necessary to select tests from several wells located in the code and on wings of the studied deposit.

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