ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

of December 5, 2006 No. 322

About approval of the Instruction for application of Classification of inventories to loose fields

For the purpose of establishment for the Republic of Kazakhstan of the single principles of conducting exploration works on loose fields and according to the subitem 11) of Item 1 of article 8 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About subsoil and subsurface use", I ORDER:

1. Approve the enclosed Instruction for application of Classification of inventories to loose fields.

2. To provide to committee of geology and subsurface use of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the procedure established by the legislation state registration of this order in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

3. This order becomes effective after ten days after day of its first official publication.

 

The instruction for application of Classification of inventories to loose fields

1. General provisions

1. This Instruction for application of Classification of inventories to loose fields (daleeinstruktion) is developed according to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About subsoil and subsurface use", the Regulations on Committee of geology and subsurface use of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved by the order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of October 28, 2004 No. 1107, and the order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of January 21, 2000 No. 108 "About approval of Rules of provision of the right of subsurface use in the Republic of Kazakhstan".

2. The instruction determines the main requirements to study of loose gold deposits, platinum, tin, tungsten, zirconium, tantalum, niobium and rare lands, to calculation of their inventories, preparation of the reconnoitered fields for industrial development, the conclusion of contracts for exploration and production of minerals.

3. Fulfillment of requirements of the Instruction is necessary condition of work by all subsoil users of the Republic of Kazakhstan in case of investigation and development of loose gold deposits, platinum, tantalum, niobium, tin, tungsten, rare lands and zirconium.

2. General information

4. Scatterings rank high among fields of metals and separate types of nonmetallic raw materials, being for some of them one of the main sources of production. Scatterings of gold, platinum, tin, tungsten, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, rare-earth elements and some other minerals have industrial value.

5. Scatterings are called accumulations of the friable or hardpan detrital material containing valuable minerals in type of grains, their fragments or aggregates. Scatterings are formed as a result of destruction of radical sources - endogenous fields, ore occurences, the mineralized breeds, and also by peremyv of intermediate collectors - sedimentary breeds with the increased concentration of valuable minerals. The Rossypny field can be provided by one scattering or group spatially of the pulled together scatterings (deposits).

Data on the main minerals extracted from scatterings are given in Appendix 1.

6. Under the terms of forming of scattering are subdivided into the following types: eluvial, slope, prolyuvialny, alluvial, alluvial пролювиальные (carrying out cone), fluvial гляциальные (glacial моренные), coastal and sea and lake, eolian.

Eluvial scatterings are put by not moved aeration products (shchebnisto-dresvyany or clay) in which content of useful component is close to its concentration in radical source or are slightly higher owing to carrying out of part of products of aeration. These scatterings usually have appearance of deposit which contours in the plan approximately match with contours of exit of radical source to day surface.

Slope scatterings (solifluction, diluvial and others) are formed when slipping on slope of products of destruction of radical sources and material of eluvial scatterings. On rather equal slopes they have the plashchevidny form in the plan.

Prolyuvialny scatterings are dated for the deposits of cones of carrying out and prolyuvialny loops which are formed as a result of activities of temporary water currents. Prolyuvialny scatterings are close adjoined by the lozhkovy scatterings lying at the bottom of the logs, raspadok deprived of permanent waterway and in valleys of small keys. They are intermediate between slope and alluvial scatterings. Are characteristic of the specified types of scatterings weak okatannost of detrital material, bad sorting and uneven distribution of useful components it is frequent on all thickness of friable deposits.

Eluvial, slope and prolyuvialny scatterings are of practical interest generally to production of tantalum, niobium, rare lands, tin, tungsten and gold.

Alluvial scatterings are formed as a result of washout and readjournment by water flows of eluvium, the slope and other friable educations containing useful minerals. Lamination of deposits and sortirovannost of detrital material on fineness is characteristic of alluvial scatterings.

Valley scatterings lie within the modern or buried bottom of river valleys and are created at different stages of development of the rivers.

Terrasovy scatterings represent the relic sites of valley scatterings which remained from destruction in case of the subsequent deep erosion and slope denudation. In case of shift on slope of useful minerals terrasovy scatterings will be transformed to terraso-uvalny.

River-bed scatterings lie in line with water flow or under it. They arise where radical sources of scatterings or earlier formed scatterings get to sphere of influence of waterway. River-bed scatterings are characteristic of the young valleys which are in stage of incision or only recently it finished. Version them are the kosovy scatterings lying on pebble islands, braids and shallows and containing the most mobile in the alluvial circle fine particles of useful minerals.

Alluvial scatterings, first of all valley and terrasovy, play the leading role among scatterings in commercial production of gold, platinum, tin, tungsten.

Coastal and sea and lake scatterings are formed in coastal strip of the seas and large lakes under the influence of waves, surf, inflows, otliv and coastal currents. Surface - beach and terrasovy and scatterings of underwater coastal slope - ground and benchevy are distinguished from coastal and sea scatterings.

Beach scatterings are formed in wave-cut zone between levels of inflow and outflow. Terrasovy scatterings represent remaining balance of coastal and sea scattering of previous abrasion and accumulative level.

Ground scatterings are formed as a result of washout by coastal and sea and lake currents of underwater deltas and the beach scatterings flooded with the sea. Benchevy scatterings are created in case of abrasion of radical breeds on sites of underwater coastal slope - bencha, representing extensive sites of the rocky bottom covered with low-power layer of deposits.

Among coastal and sea scatterings scatterings of rutile, ilmenite, zircon are most typical, cassiterite scatterings sometimes meet, is even more rare - gold and platinum.

From alluvial to coastal and sea deltoid scatterings are transitional. They are formed in the lower current of the rivers and consist of the separate productive seams differing in the high content of useful components, among sandy-argillaceous deposits there are deltas.

Eolian scatterings arise along sea coasts in case of perevevaniye of sands of coastal fields or in dry desert regions. On open coastal sites eolian scatterings are dated for dunes. Large volumes of sands create favorable conditions for development of eolian educations, despite low content in them useful minerals.

Karst and erosive scatterings are dated for karst funnels, wells, bowl-shaped deepenings in the radical bottom or on slopes of valleys, developing in case of joint manifestation of slope processes, river erosion, chemical aeration and karst formation. Scatterings differ in irregular shape. Contents of useful minerals reach high values in case of extremely uneven distribution.

7. In relation to radical source and conditions of forming of scattering it is accepted to divide into two large genetic groups:

1) scatterings of near demolition which treat eluvial, slope, prolyuvialny, the vast majority of alluvial scatterings and part of scatterings of coastal genesis (sea, lake and so on). All of them are characterized by close space and genetic linkage with radical sources. Scatterings of near demolition of all mineral types can have industrial value;

2) scatterings of distant transfer and readjournment which include coastal and sea and lake, mainly, titano-zirconium scatterings, kosovy scatterings of gold. These scatterings have no visible communication with radical sources, are formed usually at the expense of intermediate collectors.

8. On time of education modern and ancient distinguish scatterings. Scatterings can be hidden under cover of younger deposits which forming is not connected with process of rossypeobrazovaniye, or are flooded with water. In these cases speak about the buried or flooded scatterings. Buried scatterings are blocked by deposits of different origin: alluvial, volcanogenic and so on.

9. By types of minerals of scattering are subdivided into the following groups:

1) scatterings of precious metals - gold and platinoids. The high density of native gold causes its accumulating in the lower horizons of productive layers and in the destroyed part of the balsa. Among gold-bearing scatterings alluvial scatterings, first of all valley and terrasovy have major importance. The large role is played also alluvial пролювиальные scatterings of "small and thin" gold in carrying out cones, in large valleys, including, buried in ancient valleys and grabenoobrazny hollows.

Specific place is held by gold-bearing conglomerates which on number of geological features stand closer to group of bedded sedimentary or metamorfizovanny fields. Therefore in this instruction these scatterings are not considered as methods of their investigation, approbations and studying differ from the methods applied to scatterings markedly.

The radical fields, manifestations and rocks containing rather large (over millimeter 0,1 (further - mm) releases of gold are power supplies of gold-bearing scatterings. Generally it is veins, stockworks, zones of the interspersed mineralization of gold sulphidic and quartz group of formations, and also gold-bearing aerations of bark, zone of the gold-bearing oxidized sulphidic ores.

The average sizes золотин in scatterings quite often exceed determined in their radical sources that is explained by carrying out of the most fine particles ("floating gold") out of scattering limits. Content of gold in scatterings fluctuates from tens of milligrams to units and tens of grams on 1 cubic meter (daley 3) sands.

Together with gold can be in scatterings platinum, jewelry and the jewelry ornamental stones, wolframite, scheelite and cassiterite which sometimes are of industrial interest.

Scatterings of platinoids contain in the basic Polixenes and native platinum. Besides, in them constantly there are at different quantities osmisty iridium, sometimes rhodium. Similar to gold platinoids accumulate in the lower priplotikovy parts of friable deposits. Rossypny fields of platinoids are provided by mostly river-bed, valley, terrasovy types and spatially are dated for exits of dunitovy and piroksenitovy arrays with which destruction their origin is connected. Content of platinum in scatterings fluctuates from tens of milligrams to the first grams on 1 m3.

Scatterings of precious metals have extent from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, ширинуот the first tens of meters to hundreds of meters, in case of capacity of productive layer from tens of centimeters to several meters;

2) tin scatterings. The single industrial mineral of tin in scatterings is cassiterite. The increased hardness it (6-7) and the considerable density, and also resistance to chemical aeration ensure safety of cassiterite in exogenous conditions. However fragility of mineral limits remoteness of scattering from radical source to the first kilometers. Stanniferous scatterings are provided by alluvial, and also eluvial, slope and coastal types. Stockworks, the mineralized zones, veins and streaks cassiterite - quartz and cassiterite - silicate formations, pegmatitic fields are the main radical sources of stanniferous scatterings.

Content of cassiterite in industrial scatterings changes from the first hundreds of grams to many kilograms on 1 m3 of sands. Extent of scatterings usually is in limits of the first kilometers, and width constitutes tens - hundreds of meters. Capacity of sands fluctuates from the first meters to several tens meters. Together with cassiterite in stanniferous scatterings wolframite, scheelite, gold, tantalo-niobate, minerals of bismuth and others can be of industrial interest;

3) tungsten scatterings. The main minerals of tungsten scatterings are wolframite and scheelite. Physical properties determine their moderate stability when transporting. Therefore tungsten scatterings belong to scatterings of near demolition, are provided by generally eluvial, slope, lozhkovy, alluvial types and, as a rule, have restricted stocks. Large-scale deposits meet seldom and are characterized mainly by complex volframo-tin structure. Radical sources of scatterings are vein and shtokverkovy fields and ore occurences of tungsten of volframito-quartz, greyzenovo-skarn formations.

In the scatterings having industrial value, content of minerals of tungsten fluctuates from hundreds of grams to several kilograms on 1 m3 of sands. The sizes of tungsten scatterings on width constitute tens of meters, and on capacity the first meters - tens of meters; their extent changes from hundreds of meters to 10 kilometers (further - km) in the presence of several radical sources, but usually does not exceed km 1,5-2,5;

4) zirconium scatterings. Zirconium in scatterings is connected with zircon and baddeleyite. Density of the majority of minerals of this group is in limits 4-5, therefore they concentrate not in priplotikovy part, and in layers of sands from thinly - to coarse-grained. High physical and chemical stability of minerals of zirconium promotes their transfer on considerable distances and to accumulating in sea deposits.

Coastal and sea usually complex redkometallnotitanovy modern and ancient scatterings which are source of receipt of zirconium, titanium, rare lands have the major industrial importance. Formation of coastal and sea scatterings results from denudation of the various magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary breeds developed on extensive squares. Industrial concentration of minerals of titanium and zirconium and the big sizes of scatterings are formed in case of peremyva of well worked aeration bark. Ancient scatterings Devonian, sredneyursky, late cretaceous and Eocene - Miocene age have the greatest value.

Contents of the main useful minerals in industrial scatterings usually constitute tens and hundreds of kilograms on 1 m3 of sands. Also xenotime, monazite can be of practical interest, titanomagnetit. Enrichment waste (quartz sand, clay) can be used as raw materials for glass and ceramic industry, forming materials.

In zirconium production the significant role is played sometimes aeration bark on arrays of nepheline syenites and karbonatit by both the related baddeleitovy and tsirkonovy scatterings;

5) scatterings of tantalum, niobium, rare lands. The most characteristic minerals of tantalum and niobium in scatterings are columbite, tantalite, microlite, pyrochlore, loparite, in smaller measure gatchettolit, euxenite, fergusonite. Loparite, euxenite and fergusonite at the same time are source of receipt of rare lands. From other rare-earth minerals accumulating of xenotime, monazite, bastnasite less often than parisite is possible.

The high density and considerable stability in hyper gene conditions promote accumulating of tantalo-niobate in scatterings, however owing to the small hardness and big fragility tantalo-niobate when transporting is quickly used up and is far from radical sources is not transferred.

Practical interest among scatterings of tantalum and niobium is represented by the eluvial and slope, eluvial, alluvial deposits connected with pegmatites, alkaline and acid redkometallny granites, nepheline syenites and karbonatita. As passing minerals at these scatterings there can be cassiterite, zircon, малакон, xenotime, monazite. Have great value in production of tantalum and niobium also aeration bark, developing on subalkaline granites, redkometallny pegmatites, the loparitonosny stratified agpaitovy nepheline syenites, karbonatita. Capacity of box of aeration can reach several tens meters in case of content of Ta2o5 and No. b2O 5, respectively, % 0,01-0,02 and 1,5-2.

In general world production of raw materials of 85% of production of niobium and about a half of production of tantalum it is provided at the expense of scatterings and box of aeration.

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