of August 31, 2004 No. 349
About approval of the Concept of use of lands in the Republic of Tajikistan
For the purpose of more complete and rational use of lands, carrying out effective reform of farms, development of new lands and providing the population with workplaces the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan decides:
1. Approve the Concept of use of lands in the Republic of Tajikistan.
2. To chairmen of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, areas, the city of Dushanbe, cities, areas, heads of the ministries, state committees, departments of the Republic of Tajikistan for the purpose of implementation of this Concept to develop specific long-term programs and to take the course of their execution under constant control.
3. To the state committee of the Republic of Tajikistan on land management to publish the Concept on use of lands in the Republic of Tajikistan and to bring it to all ministries and departments, areas, the cities and areas.
Prime Minister
Republic of Tajikistan
E.Rakhmonov
Approved by the order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of August 31, 2004 No. 349
Preface
The earth in the Republic of Tajikistan is exclusive property of the state, and the state guarantees its effective use for the benefit of the people. From speech of the head of state, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, dear Emomalii Sharifovich Rakhmonov follows: "The earth is the main richness of our state. The future of the republic, the future of the people of Tajikistan in many respects depends on how the people relation to the earth in our country will be organized".
The Republic of Tajikistan is considered one of the land-poor republics in the world.
Total area of arable lands constitutes 720,2 one thousand hectares from which 502, the 8th thousand hectares are irrigated.
It demonstrates that each citizen of the republic shall cherish each span of the earth as the apple of the eye and provide its complete, rational and effective use.
The population of the republic grows every year, but cropland, unfortunately, is reduced.
In 1970 0,17 of hectare of ploughland, and in 2004 - 0,12 of hectare was the share of each citizen of the republic. To tell it about need to radically change the attitude towards this main wealth.
With respect thereto, the Presidential decree of the Republic of Tajikistan of July 25, 2000 No. 335 "About protection and rational use of the irrigated lands" according to which allocation at the expense of arable lands of personal plots, sites under construction of housing and non-productive objects on the irrigated squares is forbidden was signed. This kind undertaking laid strong basis of preserving the irrigated acreage in the republic.
One of the main ways of development of agro-industrial complex of the country, certainly, is improvement of meliorative condition of the irrigated lands, the organization of complete, rational and effective use of the available lands and development of new lands. In the cities and areas of the republic there are hundreds of thousands of undeveloped lands. And, of course, in case of increase in the government budget, use of funds from investors, payments of the land tax and other means, works after development of new lands shall be continued.
To legitimize and strengthen the relations to the earth and to industry of land management, Majlisi namoyandagons and Majlisi milli of Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan are accepted number of the laws: "About land reform", "About land management", "About land assessment", "About Dehkan (farmer) economy".
Generally, in the republic there are all laws and normative and legal acts concerning the earth - the main richness of the state, and citizens of the republic need to observe their requirements and to use the best efforts for improvement of condition, protection and efficiency of lands.
Land resources of the Republic of Tajikistan
Tajikistan is located on southeast part of the mountain area of Central Asia.
Total area constitutes 14 million 255 thousand hectares. Republic territory extent from the West on the East constitutes 700 km, from the North on the South of 350 km.
Tajikistan is the mountain republic. Absolute height above sea level constitutes from 300 to 7495 meters. 93% of its territory make mountains.
Distribution of single state land fund of the Republic of Tajikistan for categories at 01:01. 2004.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦№ ¦ Категории земель ¦ Площадь ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦(тыс.га.)¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦1.¦Земли сельскохозяйственного назначения - всего: ¦ 7645,1¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 688,6¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦2.¦Земли государственного запаса - всего: ¦ 2803,8¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 2,9¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦3.¦Земли государственного лесного фонда - всего: ¦ 888,4¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 4,6¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦4.¦Земли населенных пунктов - всего: ¦ 69,9¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 20,3¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦5.¦Земли промышленности, транспорта, связи оборонного и ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦иного назначения - всего: ¦ 177,5¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 5,0¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦6.¦Земли государственного водного фонда - всего: ¦ 39,1¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 0,7¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦7.¦Земли природоохранного,оздоровительного, рекреационного¦ ¦ ¦ ¦и историко-культурного назначения - всего: ¦ 2631,5¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 0,1¦ +--+-------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦8.¦Территория Республики Таджикистан - всего: ¦ 14255,4¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 722,2¦ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
The earth of agricultural holdings for January 1, 2004
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦№/№¦ Земельные угодья ¦ Площадь ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦(тыс. га)¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ 1.¦Пахотные земли (пашня)- итого ¦ 720.2 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 502.8 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ 2.¦Многолетние насаждения - итого ¦ 102,4 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 79.0 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦из них: сады ¦ 63,3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 151.7 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦Виноградники ¦ 30.1 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 19.0 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦Тутовники ¦ 7.2 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 6,7 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦Цитрусовые и субтропические ¦ 1,5 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 1.3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦Питомники и другие виды саженцев ¦ 0,3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 0,3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ 3.¦Залежи - итого ¦ 23,0 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 13,6 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ 4.¦Сенокосы - итого ¦ 22,3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 0,3 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ 5.¦Пастбища - итого ¦ 3761,5 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 3,2 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦Все земли сельскохозяйственных угодий ¦ 4629,4 ¦ +---+------------------------------------------------------+---------¦ ¦ ¦в том числе орошаемые ¦ 599,5 ¦ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Settlements occupy 69,9 of thousand hectares the spaces and from 1990 to 2004 grew by 6,6 of thousand hectares, or on 10,9 of % there is probability of their increase in the future.
Industry acreage with 200,4 of thousand hectares were reduced го by 177,6 of thousand hectares (% 11,4), their transfer in other category is the reason for that.
The areas of nature protection, improving, recreational, cultural and historical lands in the last decade relatively increased. Formation of "National park of Tajikistan" which total area constitutes 2631,5 of thousand hectares is basic reason of it.
The acreage of the state forest fund which are at the disposal of forestry 888,4 constitutes thousand hectares.
The acreage of the state water fund remains without changes and constitutes 39,1 of thousand hectares.
Arable lands
To 01.01.2004 in the republic there are all 720, 2 thousand hectares of arable lands, including 502.8 thousand hectares irrigated. From total area of the irrigated lands, for 40% or over 200 thousand hectares irrigation are made by machine method.
The arable land is basis of agricultural industry of the republic, but in many farms of the cities and areas it is used not fully rationally and effectively, and this problem is one of urgent problems of today's society.
From total area of the irrigated lands over 80 thousand hectares are in bad meliorative condition, one thousand hectares leave 91,0 stony lands, the 150th thousand hectares which is poorly salted and
21.0 one thousand hectares strongly salted lands. To protect arable lands from above the specified negative phenomena, it is necessary to develop the comprehensive program, to plan in it specific actions and to promote its realization.
Other important problem are what arable lands is used not completely. In 2003 in the republic there were out of agricultural turnover 21803 hectares of the earth, from them 9849 hectares the irrigated ploughland. The economic damage from it constitutes millions of somoni. Except these unused lands in the republic there are 23000 hectares of laylands, from them 13600 hectares irrigated which for several years are not used on the agricultural purposes.
These lands generally are not used for cause of defect of pumps, hydraulic engineering constructions, lack of water for irrigation, zabolachivayemost and others organizationally the economic reasons. For return to agricultural turnover of laylands, the offer on distribution of these lands on the ministries and departments of the republic, for organization of Subsidiary farms, and also to cooperatives, societies, other companies, the companies and certain citizens who are able to develop these lands is made.
From 1991 to today the due attention is not paid to cleaning of collector and drainage networks that in turn led to deterioration in meliorative condition of lands, increase in level of ground waters, salinization and bogging.
One of ways of increase in fertility of soils is the organization of crop rotation. But, unfortunately, almost in all farms of the cities and areas the crop rotation is not planned. The crop rotation is basis of use of arable lands. This system promotes preserving and increase in chemical and organic substances in the soil and provides livestock industry with vegetable sterns, interferes with emergence of diseases and insects.
For increase in fertility of the soil, it is necessary to organize crops of intermediate cultures, such as brace bit, colza, шабдар, bersy and other types.
For performance improvement of arable lands it is necessary to strengthen activities of agrochemical laboratories, to perform application of fertilizers under crops, according to agrochemical cartograms.
Other positive factor the organization of watering of lands according to the plan of water use by which the watering regulation on each hectare of the earth, depending on type of crops is determined is considered. Now the due attention is not paid to this problem, and watering of lands is performed randomly. There are several types of watering, it: superficial, overhead irrigation, intra soil and drop. In the republic superficial irrigation is generally used. In effect of superficial irrigation especially on uneven land areas, washout of fertile layer of earth is noticed. Therefore, it is necessary to organize other types of watering as overhead irrigation, intra soil and drop irrigation as it practices in Israel, New Zealand, the United States of America and other developed countries.
For prevention of wind erosion on the arable lands, on sites having the big areas depending on the site sizes, it is necessary to put plantings of mulberry, cherry, sweet cherry and other types of trees at the beginning, the middle and the end of the site, and in lands with small area at the beginning and the end of contour.
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