ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

of July 16, 2007 No. 185

About approval of Rules of care of the woods

According to Article 64 of the Forest code of the Russian Federation (The Russian Federation Code, 2006, N 50, 5278) I order to the Art.:

Approve the enclosed Rules of care of the woods.

Approved by the Order MPR Russian Federation of July 16, 2007 No. 185

Rules of care of the woods

I. General provisions

1. These rules of care of the woods (further - Rules) are developed according to Article 64 of the Forest code of the Russian Federation (The Federal Law of December 4, 2006 N200-FZ) (The Russian Federation Code, 2006, N 50, the Art. 5278) (daleelesny the code of the Russian Federation) and establish procedure of actions for care of the woods in all forest regions of the Russian Federation.

2. Care of the woods is performed for the purpose of increase in productivity of the woods and preserving their useful functions by cutting down of part of trees and bushes, holding agricultural forest melioration and other actions.

3. Care of the woods is performed according to the forest plan of the subject of the Russian Federation, forestry and landscape regulations of forest area (forest park), and also the project of development of the woods.

4. Care of the woods is performed by persons using the woods based on the project of development of the woods * (1) or public authorities, local government bodies within their powers determined according to Articles 81 - 84 Forests codes of the Russian Federation, according to Article 19 of the Forest code of the Russian Federation.

5. In case of care of the woods the cabins of forest plantings of any age (further - cabins of care of the wood) directed to improvement of pedigree structure and quality of the woods, increase in their resistance to negative impacts and ecological role are performed.

6. Care of the woods by holding agricultural forest melioration actions consists in creation on the timberland of the protective forest plantings which are providing increase antierosion, water regulating of sanitary and hygienic and other useful functions of the woods.

7. Treat other actions for care of the woods: reconstruction of invaluable forest plantings (including cabins of reconstruction), care of fructification of tree species (in chastnostikedr), cutting of boughs of trees, fertilizer of the woods, care of edges, care of underbrush, care of the woods by destruction of undesirable wood vegetation and other actions.

8. In the operational woods of action for care of the woods are directed to goal achievement of steady, most effective receipt of high-quality wood and other forest resources, products of their conversion with ensuring preserving useful functions of the woods.

In the protective woods of action for care of the woods are directed to goal achievement of preserving sredoobrazuyushchy, water preserving, protective, sanitary and hygienic, improving and other useful functions of the woods.

II. Cabins of care of the wood

9. The purposes of cabins of care of the wood are:

improvement of pedigree structure of forest plantings;

improvement of quality and stability of forest plantings;

preserving and strengthening of protective, water preserving, sanitary and hygienic and other useful properties of the wood;

reducing terms of cultivation technically ripe wood;

rational use of resources of wood.

10. Depending on age of forest plantings and the purposes of leaving the following types of cabins of care of the woods are performed:

clarification, directed to improvement of pedigree and high-quality structure of young growths and conditions of growth of trees of the main wood breed:

the clearings directed to regulation of density of forest plantings and improvement of conditions of growth of trees of the main wood breed, and also to continuation of forming of pedigree and high-quality structure of forest plantings;

thinning, directed to creating favorable conditions for the correct forming of trunk and crowns;

the cabins through passage directed to creating favorable conditions for increase in surplus of trees;

the updates which are carried out in the coming, ripe and overmatured plantings for creating favorable conditions for growth of the young perspective trees which are available in planting;

the reorganizations which are carried out in the plantings created middle-aged and advanced age for the purpose of basic change of their structure, structure, structure by regulation and creating favorable conditions of growth of trees of target breeds, generations, tiers;

the forming of landscape directed to forming of forest-park landscapes and increase in their esthetic, improving value and stability.

Cabins of care of the wood are performed according to the standard rates of the mode of cabins of care of the wood specified in appendix 2 to these rules.

11. The age periods of carrying out cabins of clarification, clearing, thinning, cabins through passage are given in appendix 1 to these rules. The age periods can be adjusted in case of purpose of cabins of care of the woods in specific forest plantings in the course of carrying out forest management, development of forestry and landscape regulations of forest areas and forest parks, projects of development of the woods.

12. When carrying out all types of cabins of care of the wood improvement of sanitary condition of forest plantings by the cabin of the dried-out, damaged and weakened trees is provided.

13. When carrying out cabins of care of the wood economic and biological classification of trees according to which all trees on their economic and biological signs are distributed on three categories is applied: I - the best, II - auxiliary, Iiinezhelatelnye.

14. The best trees shall be healthy, have straight lines, the full-wood, rather cleared of boughs trunks, well created kroner, good rooting and preferably seed origin and are selected mainly from trees of the main breed. In difficult forest plantings such trees can be in any tier of forest stand.

15. The trees promoting clarification of the best trees from boughs, to forming of their trunks and kroner, performing soil-protective and soil-improving functions belong to auxiliary. Auxiliary trees can be in any part of bed curtains of forest plantings, but is preferential in the second tier.

16. Treat the undesirable trees (which are subject to the cabin):

a) hampering the growth and forming of kroner of the selected best and auxiliary trees (okhlestyvayushchy them shading, interfering normal development of kroner, etc.);

b) unsatisfactory condition (dead standing, slash, snegolomny, dying off, damaged by harmful organisms, animal and other impacts);

c) with unsatisfactory quality of trunk and krone (bent, with knots stepsons, with strongly expanded, low lowered krone and big sbeg of trunk if these trees do not play useful role in planting and their cutting down does not lead to formation of glades).

The trees which are subject to the cabin can be in all parts of bed curtains of forest planting.

17. The seed plants which executed the appointment, timely not cut down single trees which remained from old forest stand if their leaving is undesirable, are cut down in case of the first acceptances of cabins of care of the woods. The inventory of wood of these trees in case of determination of intensity of cabins of leaving in young growths is not considered.

18. In the net forest plantings (consisting of trees of one wood breed or with single impurity of trees of other tree species) from photophilous tree species selection of trees on cultivation is conducted mainly from the upper part of bed curtains, and to the cabin - from lower.

In the mixed forest plantings (consisting of trees of two and more tree species) where valuable tree species lag behind in growth on height from invaluable, to the cabin trees of invaluable tree species from the upper part of bed curtains are selected first of all.

Selection of trees is made on separate groups in which first of all select the best trees, then in relation to them plan auxiliary and, at last, subject to the cabin.

19. On space placement on the area of the wood lot of the cut-down and left trees the following methods of cabins of care of the wood are applied: the uniform cabin (razrezhivaniye), the uneven cabin (group, curtain, corridor), the schematic cabin (according to certain scheme without signs and qualities of trees: corridors, platforms, strips).

20. Care of young growths (clarification and clearing) can be performed as method of the uniform cabin of trees on all area, and uneven (groups, corridors, curtains). In case of cabins of leaving in forest cultures the uneven corridor method of cabins which provides the continuous cabin of trees by corridors along ranks of cultures, in combination with uniform method of the cabin of undesirable trees in the ranks of cultures and row-spacings is applied.

In case of uneven group or kurtinny placement of trees of the main tree species on the area of the wood lot it is applied, uneven group or kurtinny method of carrying out cabins of care of the wood.

In the mixed young growths consisting of the tree species which are strongly differing with energy of growth, in case of cultivation of the mixed plantings it is necessary to place trees of each wood breed net groups (the strips or curtains consisting of trees of one wood breed).

21. Purpose of forest plantings for carrying out cabins of care of the woods is performed proceeding from the lesovodstvenny need for them and established on the following signs: structure of forest stand and density of its bed curtains, completeness and density of forest stand, nature of mixing of tree species, ratios of their heights, placements of trees on the area.

In young growths the determining signs are: structure of forest stand, density of its bed curtains, the density determined by quantity of trees per acre, ratio of heights of the main and minor tree species; in middle-aged forest plantings - completeness taking into account density of bed curtains, density and structure of forest stands, features of mixing of tree species.

22. In net forest plantings hozyaystvenno of valuable tree species or with insignificant impurity minor cabins of care of the woods are appointed when forest plantings of peregushchena, have high completeness (more 0,8) and in them signs of undesirable forming of quality of trunk of the best trees, insufficient development of kroner are shown, and also if in plantings there is significant amount of the trees which lagged behind in growth and trees with bad form of trunk and krone.

Net coniferous peregushchenny young growths are appointed to cabins of leaving for the purpose of exception of snowbreakage, snow breaker, other negative processes and increase in stability.

In net middle-aged forest plantings the first cabins of leaving are appointed in need of decrease in their density (in case of completeness of forest stand of 0,8 above) due to cutting down of trees with bad form of trunk and krone.

Cabins through passage in the net forest plantings intended in case of achievement of age of the cabin by them for wood procurement can be appointed only in case of completeness of forest stand of more 0,8.

23. In the mixed single-layer and difficult forest plantings of the cabin of care of the wood are appointed in case of unsatisfactory structure of forest stands and deterioration in growth of the best trees trees of minor breeds.

In the mixed young growths for release of the main tree species from negative influence minor cabins of care of the woods are appointed irrespective of density of bed curtains of forest plantings.

In the mixed middle-aged forest plantings of the cabin of care of the woods are appointed, as a rule, in case of completeness not below 0,7, when there is adverse influence of minor tree species on main, and also for the purpose of cutting down of trees of the separate tree species which reached the established age of the cabin (ripeness) which leaving for long time will lead to loss of quality of wood.

24. The net and mixed forest plantings with group and kurtinny arrangement of trees on the area for carrying out cabins of care of the woods are appointed irrespective of general density of bed curtains of forest stand or completeness if in separate curtains (groups) negative influence of trees of minor breeds on main or poroslevy copies on seed is shown, and also in case of big peregushchennost of curtains.

25. Four groups of priority of carrying out cabins of care of the woods are allocated:

cabins of leaving in young growths and thinning in the mixed forest plantings concern to the first group;

treat thinning in peregushchenny net plantings the second group, the first acceptance of cabins through passage in the mixed plantings;

final acceptances of cabins through passage in the mixed forest plantings, cabins of updating, reorganization concern to the third group;

cabins through passage in net forest plantings concern to the fourth group (including soft-wooded broadleaf breeds, coniferous from share, in general inventory of wood to 30 percent).

26. Clarification and clearing are carried out in case of leaf-bearing condition of trees during all vegetative period.

In dense young growths, and also in deciduous young growths of steppe zone care of the woods is carried out mainly to the spring period.

In coniferous young growths the late autumn and early winter cabin before formation of deep snow cover is reasonable.

Thinning and cabins through passage are carried out during the whole year.

27. Cabins of leaving in forest plantings with berry-pickers (cowberry shrubs, bilberries, etc.) for the purpose of their preserving are recommended to be carried out in case of snow cover.

28. In net young growths of the cabin of leaving are carried out in case of high density of kroner (0,8 above).

Carrying out cabins of leaving comes to an end in coniferous and hard-wooded broadleaved seed plantings in 20 years prior to the established age of the cabin of ripe plantings, and in soft-wooded broadleaf and hard-wooded broadleaved poroslevy plantings - in 10 years.

29. Intensity of the cabin is determined by amount of the cut-down wood, without wood of dead trees, expressed percentage of inventory to the cabin, extent of decrease in completeness of planting or density of bed curtains, and also density of forest stand (quantity of trees per acre).

30. Intensity of cabins of care of the wood for specific forest plantings is established depending on purpose of the woods, type of forest vegetation conditions, structure, age, class of site class, structure, condition of forest plantings and the purposes of leaving. The following groups of intensity of the cabin are allocated: very weak - to 10 percent from wood inventory to the cabin; weak - 11 - 20 percent; moderate 21 - 30 percent, moderate and high - 31 - 40 percent; high - 41 - 50 percent.

31. In net young growths the density of kroner after the cabin shall not be below 0,7. In mixed where the main wood breed is muffled or okhlestyvatsya minor, and also in young growths, heterogeneous by origin, decrease in density of the upper bed curtains to 0,5 - 0,4 is allowed below.

In forest cultures and in young growths of natural origin where valuable tree species are under bed curtains of invaluable soft-wooded broadleaf breeds, complete cutting down of the upper bed curtains of invaluable tree species is allowed.

32. During the thinning and cabins through passage in net forest plantings completeness after the cabin shall not decrease below 0,7, in the mixed and difficult plantings, and also heterogeneous by origin - below 0,5. In case of cabins through passage the available undergrowth of the main breeds shall remain and be created conditions for emergence of natural seed renewal of coniferous and hard-wooded broadleaved breeds.

33. Withdrawal of cutting areas for carrying out cabins of care of the woods is performed with selection of the trees intended for the cabin, their branding, perechety with laying of trial squares in young growths.

In deciduous forest plantings withdrawal of cutting areas is made during the vegetative period, and in coniferous - during the whole year.

Adjacent lesotaksatsionny vydela which forest plantings require the same type of cabins of care of the wood in case of identical main breed and homogeneous forest vegetation conditions, but differing on structure, completeness and age, unite in one cutting area.

In case of not expressed borders of the timberland appointed under cabins of care of the woods splitting of boundary viewfinders, goniometric shooting and measurement of boundary lines, determination of the area is made.

In case of withdrawal of cutting areas for carrying out thinning and cabins through passage the trees appointed to the cabin diameter at height of 1,3 of meter of 8 centimeters are also more noted by zateska and are branded at root neck.

The inventory of the cut-down wood is determined based on continuous recouple of the trees appointed to the cabin. The inventory of the trees which are subject to cutting down more thinly than 8 centimeters is determined by diameter in share measures on specially pledged trial squares.

In case of recouple the trees which are cut down for placement of technological corridors and loading points are considered separately.

34. When implementing cabins of care of the wood felling works are carried out according to requirements of these rules and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

35. In forest plantings of artificial origin as technological corridors row-spacings of forest cultures (are used with their sufficient width). With width of row-spacings of forest cultures less than 3 m technological corridors are pledged across ranks of forest cultures.

In the presence in the territory of cutting area of dense network of the forest roads and glades suitable for operation of the equipment in case of cabins of care of the wood, technological corridors are not cut through.

36. Total area of the technological corridors which are cut through in case of cabins through passage shall not exceed 15 percent of the area of cutting area.

In middle-aged forest plantings for laying of technological corridors (trelevochny volok) no more than 5 - 10% of all trees which are available in forest planting before carrying out the cabin shall be cut down.

37. Loading points are located at roads and quarter glades, on glades, glades and other areas which are not covered with forest vegetation. The size of the loading platform shall be no more 0,2 of hectare, their total area on sites to 10 hectares shall constitute no more 0,2 of hectare, on sites 11 - 15 hectares - no more 0,3 of hectare, and on sites over 15 hectares and under the quarterly organization of works - no more than 2 percent of total area of cutting area.

38. The technology of carrying out cabins of care of the woods shall provide work with the minimum damage of the trees left for cultivation.

Damage of trees when carrying out cabins of care of the woods more is not allowed than:

2 percent from quantity of the left trees when carrying out clarification and clearing;

3 percent - when carrying out thinning and cabins through passage.

In the protective woods the damaged trees shall not constitute more than 2 percent from quantity left on cultivation in case of all types of cabins of care of the woods.

The trees damaged to extent of the termination of growth shall be cut down and the amount of their wood shall be considered in case of determination of intensity of the cabin.

Safety of undergrowth in apiaries in case of cabins through passage in the operational woods shall make at least 80 percent from its quantity to the cabin, and in the protective woods - in case of all types of cabins of care of the woods - at least 90 percent.

In case of cabins of care of the woods in the mountain woods parameters of admissible damageability of trees and undergrowth increase by one third.

39. Cabins of forming of landscape (landscape cabins) are carried out in green zones and forest parks and are directed to forming of the woods, steady against recreational impacts, and forest landscapes with different degree of comfort.

For the specified purposes are created by landscape cabins opened (glades with single trees), half-open (sites of forest stands 0,3 density - 0,5 with uniform or group placement of trees on the area), closed (sites of forest stands completeness of 0,6 - 1,0) landscapes.

40. Improvement of structure of forest stands and quality of trees is for this purpose carried out; change of space placement of trees on the area of the timberland; forming of edges; razrezhivaniye of undergrowth and underbrush.

In case of selection of trees to the landscape cabin not only their economic and biological signs, but also their esthetic qualities are considered.

To undesirable (subject to the cabin) to trees treat dead standing, infected with harmful organisms, with mechanical damages, hampering the growth of the best, and also breaking structure of landscape.

41. When forming of the closed landscapes in young growths and middle-aged forest plantings cabins of leaving of moderate intensity are carried out.

In the high-half-musical middle-aged, coming, ripe and overmatured forest plantings when forming landscapes of half-open type landscape cabins are carried out in stages and intensity to 30 percent with interval between cabins of 6 - 8 years.

Forest stand, growing on slabodrenirovanny soils (bilberry, dolgomoshny and similar it groups of types of the wood), in need of forming of landscapes of half-open type razrezhivatsya by cabins intensity of 15 - 20 percent.

When forming half-open landscapes considerable decrease in density of forest plantings is carried out (to 0,3 - 0,5) using razrezhivaniye to 40 percent.

42. When implementing landscape cabins the existing road and footpath network on condition of its safety is as much as possible used.

III. Care of the woods by holding agricultural forest melioration and other actions

43. Agricultural forest melioration actions are performed by creation and recovery of protective forest plantings, their reconstruction, forming by cabins of leaving and sanitary cabins, rejuvenescence of bushes, assistance to natural reforestation, care of undergrowth, fixing of mobile sands, improvement of pastures, afforestation of the degraded lands and soils of the parcels of land, forest conservation subject to erosion from the fires and other impacts in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

44. Reconstruction of invaluable forest plantings represents complex of the actions (the cabin of reconstruction, creation of forest cultures, other actions) directed to radical restructuring during one class of age of forest plantings by complete or partial replacement.

The plantings which are not answering to the economic, ecological targets and not incorporating trees of economic and valuable breeds in the quantity sufficient for forming by cabins of leaving (including and with assistance to natural reforestation) the valuable plantings corresponding to these forest vegetation conditions and purpose of the site of the wood are invaluable.

In the operational woods reconstruction is carried out for the purpose of replacement of unproductive and low-quality forest stands (low-half-musical, unsatisfactory structure, low-commodity, etc.) by forest stands hozyaystvenno of valuable breeds.

In the protective woods reconstruction is carried out for the purpose of replacement of the forest plantings losing the sredoobrazuyushchy, water preserving, sanitary and hygienic, improving and other useful functions by the forest plantings providing preserving purpose of the protective woods and the useful functions which are carried out by them.

45. Reconstruction is performed by continuous or partial cutting down of invaluable forest stand (the cabin of reconstruction) for one or several acceptances with the subsequent reforestation by different methods.

46. Standard rates of cabins of reconstruction (width and the area of cutting areas, term of adjunction of cutting areas) in the middle-aged, coming, ripe and overmatured invaluable forest plantings are established according to standard rates of procurement of wood for continuous cabins of the main use of forest plantings of soft-wooded broadleaf tree species.

When carrying out reconstruction of young growths the area of the timberland on which cabins of reconstruction are carried out is not limited, reforestation events shall be held within one year after the cabin of reconstruction.

In case of reconstruction of invaluable forest plantings in the limiting protective woods the sizes of sites of one-reception reconstruction shall not exceed 5 hectares, in case of two-three reception reconstruction - 10 hectares.

Carrying out each subsequent cabin of reconstruction on the neighboring sites is allowed only after on the sites adjoining it the close valuable young growth conforming to requirements to reforestation is received.

The Lesotaksatsionny vydela of invaluable plantings exceeding on the area the established maximum permissible sizes less than in time 1,5, located among valuable can be appointed in reconstruction completely if it does not conduct to negative ecological and other effects. In need of reconstruction of plantings big having manufactured or groups of several having manufactured, occupying the big space, laying of the 2nd and more sites of reconstruction at the distance exceeding in any direction width of the site of reconstruction by two-three times at least is allowed.

In the mountain woods standard rates of reconstruction of invaluable plantings are established taking into account their features on forest areas and differentially depending on the steepness of slopes and their exposure, and also soil and other conditions on slopes to 20 degrees shall be in time 1,5, and on slopes more than 20 degrees - are twice less, than in the flat woods of the respective forest areas.

47. Care of edges of the wood is performed in the following procedure.

Edges of the wood 20 - 25 m wide on borders with big woodless spaces and 5 - 10 m wide from glades, reservoirs, along roads, power lines, communication lines, routes of the pipelines and other woodless areas located in the woods are created by the cabins of leaving directed to increase in stability of forest plantings, protection them from harmful effects of wind and other factors.

When carrying out care of edges create forest stand of irregular multilevel shape of steady trees with low lowered kroner and bushes under their bed curtains, first of all, on border with woodless areas.

Forest plantings on edges are created by their razrezhivaniye at young age (to density of kroner of 0,4 - 0,5), maintenance by cabins of leaving of conditions for good development of kroner and achievement of vertical density of their bed curtains. Upon termination of forming of forest plantings on edges in them only sanitary cabins are conducted.

In edges of coniferous and hard-wooded broadleaved forest plantings along iron and highways, and also in the edges adjoining agricultural holdings, especially fields where the eddish or straw is left in the fire-proof purposes removal on trees with low lowered kroner of the lower dry branches is made.

48. Care of underbrush is made for the purpose of strengthening of its positive influence which is shown in protection of the soil against ground cover, siccation, prevention of erosion and also for the purpose of weakening of negative influence of the underbrush muffling trees of the main breeds in young growths, creating favorable conditions for reforestation of valuable tree species.

Depending on the carried-out role the underbrush remains and rejuvenates, is completely cut down or razrezhivatsya with different intensity.

In young growths when they need to increase density of underbrush for the best shading of the soil, bushes cut down for ensuring their vegetative renewal at the expense of young growth and strengthening of tillering. If podlesochny breeds overtake main in growth and muffle them, the razrezhivaniye or complete cutting down of underbrush is made.

In forest plantings where the underbrush plays positive role, in case of signs of aging (top drying, etc.) bushes rejuvenate the continuous cabin.

The cabin of bush is made for receipt of plentiful young growth at the height of 5 - 10 cm from the earth in the fall or in the early spring. In oak young growths cutting is performed at such height to provide side shading of oak.

On the timberland where bushes have antierosion value (on slopes of ravines and in other places) or provide favorable conditions for fauna, their rejuvenation is made by the uneven cabin by strips with repeating in 3 - 5 years.

Care of underbrush is combined whenever possible with the next cabin of care of the wood.

49. Cutting of boughs on the growing trees is made in coniferous forest plantings for receipt of wood of the extra quality, in soft-wooded broadleaf - for the prevention of formation of internal decay and cultivation of high-quality assortments, at wild-growing fruit-trees, and also cedar - for fructification strengthening.

Cutting of boughs is made at 400 - 700 best trees on 1 hectares allocated usually as target trees, removal of the lower dead boughs and parts of the live branches (1 - 2 verticils) shaded and weakened. Cutting is planned at the age of thinning and repeats in process of emergence of new dead boughs and the weakened branches. When carrying out cutting of boughs at young age height of cutting shall not exceed half of general height of tree, and at poplar - one third.

The cut of boughs is made parallel to surface of trunk, hemp of boughs shall be minimum and not exceed 1 cm. Damage of cambial layer of trunk is not allowed.

50. Regulation of structure of forest plantings by method of chemical leaving is performed by injections in trunks of the undesirable trees which are subject to removal in case of cabins of care of the wood, drawing arboricide on trunk bark, introduction of arboricides on the surface of the soil in granules, land spraying of crowns and also by entering of arboricides and herbicides into the soil.

Application of chemical leaving is not allowed (including in the scientific purposes):

in the woods located on lands of especially protected natural territories, except for the territories of biospheric polygons * (2);

in the woods located in the water protection zones * (3);

in green zones and forest parks * (4).

51. Fertilizer of the woods is performed by introduction of mineral, organic and bacterial fertilizers, cultivation of green manure crops or other methods of collateral security of forest plants by nutrients for the purpose of increase in productivity of the woods and viability of forest plantings.

Priority projects of leaving by application of fertilizers are valuable coniferous (pine or fir-tree) and hard-wooded broadleaved (oak, beechen, ashen, etc.) the forest plantings without underbrush growing in forest vegetation conditions with rather trained soils of average or low fertility, with completeness of forest stands of 0,60,8.

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