ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

of January 16, 2009 No. 14

About approval of the Technical regulation "General Requirements to Fire Safety"

According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of November 9, 2004 "About technical regulation" the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan DECIDES:

1. Approve the enclosed Technical regulation "General Requirements to Fire Safety".

2. This resolution becomes effective after six months from the date of the first official publication.

 

Approved by the order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of January 16, 2009, No. 14

Technical regulation "General Requirements to Fire Safety"

1. Scope

1. This Technical regulation "General Requirements to Fire Safety" (further - the Technical regulation) is accepted for the purpose of:

1) implementation of the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan: of November 22, 1996 "About fire safety", of July 16, 2001 "About architectural, town-planning and the builder to the Republic of Kazakhstan", of November 9, 2004 "About technical regulation";

2) protection of life and health of citizens, property of physical persons and legal entities, and also state-owned property against the fires.

2. The technical regulation determines basic provisions of technical regulation in the field of fire safety and establishes:

1) classification of the fires and their dangerous factors, substances and materials, and also technological circles by fire and explosion and fire risk; explosive and fire hazardous zones; construction materials on fire risk; building constructions and fire-proof barriers; electric equipments, outside installations, buildings, constructions and rooms on fire and explosion and fire risk which is given in appendix 1 to this Technical regulation;

2) requirements of fire safety to subjects to managing of different function at all stages of their lifecycle; when designing residential and rural locations; designing and construction of buildings and constructions; to products.

3. Provisions of this Technical regulation are obligatory for execution in case of:

1) designing, construction, capital repairs, reconstruction of capital construction projects, modernization, change of functional purpose, maintenance, operation of objects, irrespective of appointment and patterns of ownership;

2) development, acceptance, application and execution of Technical regulations, recommended provisions of the regulating and technical documents containing requirements of fire safety.

4. For objects of special purpose, including military objects; on production, conversion, storage radioactive and explosives and materials; on destruction and storage of chemical weapon; space objects and starting complexes; excavations, along with this Technical regulation the requirements of fire safety stated in other Technical regulations, regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and documents in the field of fire safety approved in accordance with the established procedure shall be observed.

2. Terms and determinations

5. In this Technical regulation terms and determinations according to the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About fire safety", "About architectural, town-planning and construction activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "About technical regulation", and also the following terms with the corresponding determinations are applied:

1) emergency exit - exit (door, the hatch) conducting on the way of evacuation, directly outside or to the safety area which is used as additional exit for rescue of people, but is not considered in case of assessment of conformity of necessary quantity and the sizes of evacuation ways and exits to conditions of safe evacuation of people in case of the fire;

2) the safety area - zone in which people are protected from impact of dangerous factors of the fire or in which dangerous factors of the fire are absent;

3) probability of emergence of the fire - the mathematical size of possibility of emergence of necessary and sufficient conditions of emergence of the fire;

4) vzryvopozharoopasnost of substances and materials - capability of substances and materials for education combustible (fire-dangerous or explosive) environments, characterized by their physical and chemical properties and (or) behavior in the conditions of the fire;

5) ignition - the flame burning of substance initiated by source of ignition and continuing after its removal;

6) ignition - the beginning of burning under the influence of ignition source;

7) emergence of the fire - set of the processes leading to the fire;

8) flash - the bystry combustion of gas-vapor-air mixture over the surface of combustible substance which is followed by short-term visible luminescence;

9) the combustible circle - the circle capable to ignite in case of impact of source of ignition;

10) combustibility - capability of substances and materials for ignition, independent burning and (or) decay;

11) admissible fire risk - fire risk which level is admissible and reasonable proceeding from social and economic conditions;

12) individual fire risk (risk of death of the person in case of the fire) - the quantity characteristic of possibility of death of the certain person as a result of impact of dangerous factors of the fire;

13) ignition source - the means of energy impact initiating emergence of burning;

14) the critical duration of the fire - the fire duration after which at least one of dangerous factors of the fire reaches values, life-threatening or human health;

15) necessary time of evacuation - the fire duration during which people shall be evacuated to the safety area without damnification of their life and to health as a result of impact of dangerous factors of the fire;

16) the lower (upper) concentration limit of distribution of flame - the minimum (maximum) content of combustible substance in homogeneous mix with the oxidizing circle in case of which distribution of flame on mix on any distance from ignition source is possible;

17) the normal speed of distribution of flame - the speed of movement of the flame front of rather not burned down gas in the direction, perpendicular to its surface;

18) the regulating document in the field of fire the bezopasnostidokument establishing regulations, rules and other requirements of fire safety;

19) object - property complex (or its part) legal entity or physical person (including the territory, buildings, constructions, vehicles, technological installations, the equipment, aggregates, products and other property) for which requirements of fire safety are established or shall be established;

20) object with mass stay of people - buildings, constructions and premises of trade enterprises, public catering, consumer services, the sports and improving, sports, cultural and educational and spectacular organizations, institutions dedicated to religion, entertaining institutions, stations of all modes of transport expected simultaneous stay of hundred and more people, and also buildings and constructions of the organizations of health care, education, hotels expected simultaneous stay of twenty five and more people;

21) dangerous factors of the fire - fire factors which impact can lead to injury, poisoning or death of the person and (or) to material damage;

22) osobopozharobezopasny electric equipment - fireproof electric equipment with the additional resources of protection intended for prevention of formation of source of ignition and its contact with the combustible circle.

23) the seat of fire - the place of initial emergence of the fire;

24) emergency firefighting equipment - the fire extinguishing means postponed or transported by people used for fight against the fire in initial stage of its development;

25) the fire - the uncontrollable burning doing harm to life and health, material damage to people, to interests of society and state;

26) fire risk of object - the object condition characterized by possibility and fire developments, and also impact on people and material values of dangerous factors of the fire;

27) fire safety of object - the object condition characterized by possibility of prevention of origin and development of the fire, and also impact on people and material values of dangerous factors of the fire;

28) fire compartment - the part of the building isolated from other parts of the building by fire-proof walls and overlappings with limit of fire resistance is at least 2,5 of the h;

29) fire risk - the quantity characteristic of sales opportunity of fire risk and its effects for people and material values;

30) fire hazardous (explosive) zone - part of the closed or open space within which constantly or periodically combustible substances address and in which they can be in case of the normal mode of engineering procedure or in case of its violation (accident);

31) limit of fire resistance of design - time from the beginning of fire impact before one of the conditions normalized for limiting this design on fire resistance;

32) production facilities - objects of industrial and agricultural purpose, including warehouses, objects of engineering and transport infrastructure (railway, automobile, internally water, sea, air and main pipeline transport), bonds;

33) fire-proof barrier - building construction with the normalized limit of fire resistance and the normalized class of constructive fire risk, the volume element of the building or different way intended for prevention of distribution of the fire from one part of the building (construction) in another or between buildings (constructions, green plantings);

34) fire-proof gap (fire-proof distance) the normalized distance between buildings and (or) constructions established for prevention of distribution of the fire;

35) estimated time of evacuation of people - time interval from the moment of the notification of people about the fire until completion of evacuation of people from the building, construction to the safety area in case of the set space-planning and constructive solutions of ways of evacuation;

36) system of ensuring fire safety - complex of the organizational actions and technical means allocated for prevention of the fire and decrease in damage from it on object;

37) system of fire safety - set of economic, social, organizational, scientific and technical and legal measures, and also forces and the technical means of fire service allocated for prevention of the fire and damage from it;

38) system of organizational and technical actions for ensuring fire safety - complex of the organizational actions and technical means allocated for prevention of the fire and decrease in damage from it in the territory of subjects of the Republic of Kazakhstan, residential and rural locations;

39) system of prevention of the fire - complex of the organizational actions and technical means allocated for exception of conditions of emergence of the fire on object;

40) the fire protection system - complex of the organizational actions and technical means allocated for protection of people and property against impact of dangerous factors of the fire and (or) restriction of effects of their impact on object;

41) system of antismoke protection - complex of organizational actions, space-planning decisions, engineering systems and the technical means allocated for prevention or restriction of danger of smoke of buildings and constructions in case of the fire and also impacts of its dangerous factors on people and material values;

42) warehouses of oil and oil products - complex of the buildings, reservoirs and other constructions intended for acceptance, storage and issue of oil and oil products;

43) burning out speed - amount of the liquid which is burning down in unit of time from the unit area;

44) construction - construction system of elevated and (or) underground type which part the rooms intended depending on functional purpose, for stay or accommodation of people and placement of engineering procedures are;

45) social fire risk (risk of group death of people in case of the fire) - the quantity characteristic of possibility of death of ten and more people as a result of impact of dangerous factors of the fire;

46) electric equipment vzryvopozharoopasnost degree - danger of emergence of source of ignition in electric equipment and (or) danger of contact of source of ignition with the combustible circle surrounding electric equipment;

47) temperature limits of distribution of flame (ignition) - substance temperatures at which its saturated steam forms in the oxidizing circle the concentration equal according to lower (the lower temperature limit) and upper (the upper temperature limit) to concentration limits of distribution of flame;

48) the technological circle - the substances and materials addressing in the technological equipment (technological system);

49) decay - flameless burning;

50) authorized body in the field of fire the bezopasnostigosudarstvenny body authorized according to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan to perform state regulation in the field of fire safety;

51) the level of fire risk - the quantitative measure of condition of object characterizing possibility and developments of the fire, and also impact on people and material values of dangerous factors of the fire;

52) conditions of thermal spontaneous ignition - experimentally revealed dependence between the ambient temperature, amount of substance (material) and time until its spontaneous ignition;

53) stability of object in case of the fire - property of object to keep constructive integrity and (or) functional purpose in case of impact of dangerous factors of the fire and their secondary manifestations;

54) evacuation - process of organized independent movement of people outside or to the safety area from rooms in which there is possibility of impact on them dangerous factors of the fire, and also the dependent movement of the people belonging to national groups with limited traficabilities, performed by service personnel;

55) evacuation way (way of evacuation) - way of movement and (or) movement of people, the leader directly outside or to the safety area, meeting requirements of safe evacuation in case of the fire;

56) emergency exit - the exit conducting on the way of evacuation, directly outside or to the safety area;

57) electric equipment - set of the electrotechnical products and (or) electrotechnical devices intended for accomplishment of the corresponding work type with electricity use;

58) electrotechnical products - the products intended for creation of power supply networks, and also using the electric power in the work (including electrotechnical products, the radio-electronic equipment, the equipment of information technologies);

59) electrotechnical products - the products intended for production, transformation, distribution, transfer and use of electrical energy or for restriction of possibility of its transfer.

3. Requirements to systems of ensuring fire safety of objects

3.1. General requirements

6. Fire safety of objects is ensured by systems:

1) prevention of the fire;

2) fire protection;

3) organizational and technical actions.

7. Fire safety of objects shall contain complex of the actions aimed at providing normative level of safety of people and prevention of danger of damnification to the third parties as a result of the fire.

8. The structure of systems of prevention of the fire, fire protection and organizational and technical actions is determined by functional purpose of subject to managing and established by this Technical regulation, and also the regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and regulating documents regulating questions of fire safety.

9. Fire safety of object is considered secure if one of the following conditions is carried out:

1) the requirements of fire safety established by this Technical regulation, regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and regulating documents regulating questions of fire safety are in full fulfilled;

2) the fire risk does not exceed the admissible values established by this Technical regulation.

10. The evaluation method of risk of death of people in case of the fire is based on:

1) risk identification of death of the person in case of the fire for the most dangerous scenario of development of the fire;

2) use of calculation methods of forecasting of dynamics of dangerous factors of the fire and determination of time of evacuation of people to the safety area;

3) use of physical and chemical properties and indicators of fire risk of substances and materials.

3.1.1. Requirements to system of prevention of the fires

11. Prevention of the fire is reached by prevention of education:

1) combustible circle;

2) ignition sources in the combustible circle.

12. The exception of conditions of formation of the combustible circle is provided with the following methods:

1) greatest possible use of nonflammable substances and materials;

2) restriction of weight, greatest possible under the terms of technology and construction, and (or) amount of combustible substances and materials;

3) use of the safest methods of placement of combustible substances and materials, and also materials which interaction with each other leads to formation of combustible circles;

4) maintenance of safe concentration in the environment of oxidizer and (or) combustible substances;

5) lowering of concentration of oxidizer in the combustible circle by means of introduction of phlegmtizator in the protected amount;

6) maintenance of temperature and pressure of the circle in case of which distribution of flame is excluded;

7) mechanization and automation of the engineering procedures connected with the address of combustible substances;

8) installation of the fire-dangerous equipment in certain rooms or on the open areas;

9) use of the devices of protection of production equipment excluding exit of combustible substances in amount of the room or the devices excluding education in the combustible circle;

10) removal from rooms, processing equipment and communications of flammable production wastes, deposits of dust, down.

13. The exception of conditions of education in the combustible circle of sources of ignition is reached by the following methods:

1) use of electric equipment corresponding to class of fire hazardous and (or) explosive zone, category and group of explosive mix;

2) application in design of high-speed means of protective shutdown of the electroinstallations and other devices leading to emergence of sources of ignition;

3) use of the equipment and the modes of carrying out engineering procedure excluding formation of static electricity;

4) structure of lightning protection of buildings, constructions and equipment;

5) maintenance of safe temperature of heating of substances, materials and surfaces which contact to the combustible circle;

6) application of methods and devices of restriction of energy of the spark category in the combustible circle to safe values;

7) use of the intrinsically safe tool during the work with flammable liquids and combustible gases;

8) prevention of conditions for thermal, chemical and (or) microbiological spontaneous ignition of the addressing substances, materials and products;

9) exception of contact with air of pyrophorous substances;

10) isolation of the combustible circle from ignition sources (application of the isolated compartments, cameras, cabins).

14. Safe parameter values of sources of ignition are determined by conditions of carrying out engineering procedure based on indicators of fire risk of the substances and materials addressing in it.

3.1.2. Requirements to the fire protection system

15. Protection of people and property against impact of dangerous factors of the fire and (or) restriction of their effects is provided with the following methods:

1) application of the space-planning decisions and means providing restriction of distribution of the fire out of center limits;

2) the device of the evacuation ways meeting requirements of safe evacuation of people in case of the fire;

3) the device of systems of detection of the fire (installations and systems of the fire alarm), notifications and managements of evacuation of people in case of the fire;

4) use of systems of collective protection (including antismoke) and individual protection equipment of people from impact of dangerous factors of the fire;

5) application of the main building constructions with the limits of fire resistance and classes of fire risk corresponding to the required degrees of fire resistance and class of constructive fire risk of buildings, constructions and structures and also with restriction of fire risk of blankets (finishings, facings and means of fire protection) of building constructions on the ways of evacuation;

6) use of fireproof structures (including fire-retarding agents and fireproof paints) and construction materials (facings) for increase in limits of fire resistance of building constructions;

7) the device of emergency discharge of flammable liquids and emergency drain of combustible gases from the equipment;

8) the device on processing equipment of systems of antiexplosive protection;

9) application of emergency firefighting equipment;

10) application of automatic installations of fire extinguishing;

11) organization of activities of divisions of fire service.

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