ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

of December 31, 2009 No. 933

About approval of the National program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015

List of amending documents

According to Art. 17 of the Law No. 5-XVI of February 9, 2006 on providing equal opportunities for women and men (The official monitor of the Republic of Moldova, 2006, Art. No. 47-50, 200), with subsequent changes by the Resolution of Parliament No. 87-XIII of April 28, 1994 about accession of the Republic of Moldova to the Convention on liquidation of all forms of discrimination against women", and for the purpose of ensuring integrated approach to question of equality between women and men in documents the politician in all areas and at all levels of acceptance and accomplishment of decisions DECIDES: the Government

1. Approve:

The national program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015 according to appendix No. 1;

The action plan on implementation during the period from 2010 to 2012 the National program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015 according to appendix No. 2.

The action plan on realization during 2013-2015 of the National program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015 according to appendix No. 3.

The action plan on realization during 2014-2015 of Concluding remarks of UN committee on liquidation of discrimination against the women accepted in Geneva on October 18, 2013 based on the integrated fourth and fifth periodic reports of implementation of the Convention on liquidation of all forms of discrimination against women, according to appendix No. 4.

2. Determine that implementation of the National program will be provided by means of three mid-term plans of actions which will take root competent authorities in 2010-2012 and 2013-2015 and 2014-2015. Implementation of actions of the National program will be performed for the account and within budgets of the organizations/bodies specified in action plans for the corresponding years and also from other sources according to the legislation.

3. To the ministries, other central administrative authorities to implement provisions of the National program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015 and to inform annually (till February 15) the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family on the course of their accomplishment. At the same time to recommend to bodies of local public authority to provide implementation of provisions of the above-stated Program at the local level.

4. After representation in 2012 (by December 1, 2012) the summary report on implementation of the forefront of actions to the ministries and other central administrative authorities to provide to the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family of the offer on development of the second action plan for 2013-2015 for the purpose of ensuring complete achievement of strategic objectives of the National program.

5. Monitoring and coordinating of implementation process of the National program for ensuring gender equality for 2010-2015 to assign to the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family which will report to the Government on its realization once in year (till March 1).

6. To impose control over the implementation of this Resolution on Government commission on gender equality.

 

Countersign: Deputy Prime Minister

Ion Negrey

minister of work, social protection and families

Valentina Buliga

minister of education

Leonid Buzhor

Minister of Internal Affairs

Victor Katan

Minister of Health

Vladimir Hotinyanu

Minister of Finance

Vyacheslav Negrutsa

Appendix №1

to the Order of the Government of the Republic of Moldova of December 31, 2009 No. 933

National program for ensuring gender equality in the Republic of Moldova

I. Determination of problem

1. The national program for ensuring gender equality in the Republic of Moldova for 2010-2015 (further - the National program) provides comprehensive approach to integration of the principle of equality between women and men in documents the politician in all areas and at all levels of acceptance and accomplishment of decisions. The purpose of this Program is ensuring promotion of gender equality in economic, political and social life that constitutes basis of respect for fundamental human rights of all citizens of the country.

2. The necessity of development of this National program is caused by obvious difficulties in the field of ensuring equality between women and men, and also need of implementation of documents of multisectoral policy in whom excellent needs of women and men for society will be considered that will lead to reducing the existing imbalance in the context of national efforts on eradication of poverty and reforming of the public sector as means of promoting and guaranteeing fundamental human rights.

3. Implementation of the National program will create the best opportunities for ensuring the actual and legal gender equality as integral part of process of creation of the genuine democracy realizing distinction of floors and susceptible to them which premises will be ensuring participation of all members of society, women and men, in all areas of life. Adoption of this Program will allow to increase efficiency and to direct financial resources to realization different sectoral the politician from the point of view of gender equality that will positively affect quality of life of all citizens.

4. Implementation of this National program will promote accomplishment by the Republic of Moldova of the internal and international obligations assumed in the context of strategic objectives in the field of ensuring human rights, at the same time the emphasis will be placed on ensuring gender equality.

The international, regional and national normative framework in the field of gender equality

5. The normative framework creating basis the politician and actions in the field of gender equality in the Republic of Moldova is determined by the existing international documents which party is the state: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Convention on the political rights of the woman (1952), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), Convention on liquidation of all forms of discrimination against women (1979), Beijing Declaration and Platform of actions (1995), Millennium Declaration (2000), Convention of World Organization of work, etc.

6. Orientation of the Republic of Moldova towards integration into the European Union causes accession to the corresponding tools in the field: The Amsterdam agreement (1999), the reviewed European social charter (1996), the Declaration on equality between women and men as fundamental criterion of democracy, accepted at the 4th European ministerial conference about equality between women and men (Istanbul, on November 13-14, 1997), the Declaration and the Action plan accepted at the third Meeting of heads of state and government of the Council of Europe (Warsaw, on May 16-17, 2005), the Resolution on implementation of gender equality: challenge for human rights and the premises of economic development accepted at the 6th European ministerial conference about equality between women and men (Stockholm, 8-9iyunya 2006 g), the Road map of equality between women and men (2006-2010), the Recommendations CM/rivers (2007)17 of Committee of ministers for member countries about standards and mechanisms of ensuring gender equality, etc.

7. In view of accession and alignment of the Republic of Moldova on the specified documents, at the level of Parliament and the Government strategic actions for reduction of the regulatory base in compliance with the international and regional standards in the field of gender equality were taken. So, the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova proclaims equality of women and men before the law. Adoption of law No. 5-XVI of February 9, 2006 on providing equal opportunities for women and men, the National plan "Promotion of the gender equality in society for 2006-2009" approved by the Order of the Government No. 984 of August 25, 2006 led to establishment of special normative framework in this area. The matter found reflection and in other national documents: The national strategy in reproductive health approved by the Order of the Government No. 913 of August 26, 2005, the National development strategy for 2008-2011 approved by the Law No. 295-XVI of December 21, 2007, the Action plan on implementation of the National development strategy for 2008-2011 approved by the Order of the Government No. 191 of February 25, 2008, etc.

Country situation: tendencies and problems

8. The normative framework given above creates necessary premises for development corresponding the politician in the field of gender equality. In the republic institutional structures with special competence, such as Government commission on gender equality, Management the politician on providing and prevention of violence within the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family, gender units within some industry ministries were created. In recent years some achievements in promotion of gender equality which are shown increase in number of women on executive positions, implementation of programs for informing the population to development of capabilities of the specialists having competence in the field, etc. were cyclically noted the Republic of Moldova is in the first twenty among 130 states of the world in question of gender equality according to the third Report on global index of gender equality provided by the World economic forum (2008).

9. In spite of the fact that normative framework on ensuring gender equality is accepted, also numerous problems in their practical application are noted.

Sphere of entertaining and labor migration

10. Economic growth was not followed by the same growth of quantity of workplaces in recent years. So, in 2008 the employment level among men was higher both at the level of the city, and at the level of the village (48,6 of % and 42, of % respectively), than the employment level of women - % 41,0 in the city and 39,5 of % in the rural zone despite the fact that the share of women among students is higher (58,9 of % of total number). At the same time, in spite of the fact that the level of unemployment among men is higher (in 2008 - % 4,6) in comparison with women (% 3,4), women face large amount of difficulties, than men in the labor market that is connected with sexual distinctions. The share of women among inactive persons is higher, than men, and % 55,3 constitutes.

11. Insufficient professional orientation, existence of sexual stereotypes interfere with election of some professions from separate industries which are mainly men's. The low salary is the main explanation of low market attractiveness of work in Moldova. In the field of employment there is gap in compensation of men and women. So, the average monthly salary of women in 2008 constituted 73,3 of % of the average monthly salary of men, or 2134 leu, and the average monthly salary of men of 2910,1 of leu. The average monthly salary on economy in 2008 constituted leu 2529,7.

12. The wage differential of women and men is explained by many factors. The major factors determining difference in compensation of men and women is the horizontal and vertical segregation. Thus, about a half of women of the rural zone are employed in the agricultural sector where they perform the most low-skill work and, respectively, receive more low salary, than the men who are engaged in the most skilled work. Other factor of distinctions between the salary of women and men is availability of areas in which women, "female" types of activity (education, health care) in which the salaries are lower, than in sectors where the share of men is higher (construction, transport) prevail. Besides, women are insufficiently provided above professional pyramid. Meanwhile, the salary of top managers increased recently. The number of women exceeds the number of men in category of government employees of low rank. In conclusion it should be noted that the existing gap in compensation in the republic promotes preserving low level of pension accruals that directly influences the size of pensions and welfare of women and men.

13. Experts in the field indicate the need carrying out the analysis of phenomenon of migration from the point of view of floor as at the current stage there is increased risk for women to be subject to discrimination. The international researches are specified in the field that this risk increases because of the attitude towards migrants in general and also for the reason that the relations and perception by gender change hardly. Men have great opportunities when hiring from unqualified to highly skilled work types. Women can work in limited areas which are connected with traditional gender roles, such as: work in the household sector (housewives, housekeepers, nurses), in agricultural industry, in the field of hotel services or entertainments. The working women migrants actually doubly suffer from work place discrimination: first, because are foreigners and therefore suffer from the same forms of discrimination, as the man migrants; secondly, because they are women, they can become victims of violence or human trafficking both in the course of migration, and in the labor market in the countries of arrival. Therefore in case of employment abroad in sectors which do not correspond to their qualification, education and their capabilities they often degrade professionally or lose qualification. In case of development migratory the politician it is necessary to pay special attention to the parties concerning providing the rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, their protection, especially protection of women, against discrimination and decision making on strengthening of mechanisms of application/observance of the international legislation including the Convention CEDAW.

14. According to data of National bureau of statistics in 2008 the number of persons announced left the countries for work or in job searches made about 309,7 thousand people, or 18,9 of % of total quantity of the active population aged from 15 years and above. About two thirds which left - men that requires revaluation of programs of professional training and policy of employment taking into account this sexual aspect.

15. Level of labor migration comes from Moldova for many social and economic reasons: low level of the income which does not cover need, the minimum employment opportunities in the specialty contrary to rather high education level, favorable geographical location and, not least, great demand in the labor market abroad. Among the determining factors it should be noted impossibility for many economically active people to find adequate place of employment which would allow them to provide the family within the country (according to data of poll of households - 40% of the interviewed persons), etc. Other factors belong to demographic changes, economic crises and increase in difference in the level of the income between the countries, and also between developed and developing countries. In comparison with previous periods rather stable growth of migration among women and men is noted. According to data of National bureau of statistics, in 2006 from 310,1 thousand women going abroad on earnings constituted 112,3 thousand, or % 36,21. In 2007 this indicator constituted 116,3 thousand women, or 34, % of total number of migrants. Insignificant recession of total number of migrants was registered in 2008 when this figure reached 309,7 thousand people from whom women constituted 108,3 thousand, or % 34,96. Migration of parents has an adverse effect on the children who were left without their care cases of leaving school are noted, children face problems of the emotional, psychological plan, take alcoholic drinks and different substances.

16. The established priority problems:

a) limited opportunities of participation of women in the labor market (shortage of types of service for women with small children, discrimination on age and sexual criteria when hiring);

b) existence of professional separation and gap in compensation of women and men;

c) increase in number of persons who are going abroad for work where they are exposed to risk of discrimination, in particular young women who risk to become victims of violence or human trafficking;

d) migration of mothers and fathers that has an adverse effect on the children who were left without their care;

e) serious changes in institute of family that equally influences women, men and children. Budget sphere

17. Introduction of gender approach in process of development of the budget and financing can promote redirection of expenses of the government budget on accomplishment of urgent social tasks taking into account needs and interests of all citizens of the country irrespective of floor, on elimination of disagreements between the carried-out politicians and procedure for expenditure of budgetary financial resources. Use of the gender analysis of budgets the politician in all areas is the necessary tool which guarantees respect for the principle of gender equality in case of distribution and allocation of resources.

18. At present stage the analysis of impact of government costs for women and girls in comparison with men and boys will be transformed to global tendency. So, in the Recommendations CM/rivers (2007)17 of Committee of ministers for member countries about standards and mechanisms of ensuring gender equality in quality of the elements specifying political will and the obligation of the countries on promotion of gender equality de facto is noted allocation of sufficient financial resources on programs, projects and initiatives for ensuring gender equality and recognition of women, and also on implementation of gender and sensitive budgets in politicians of all areas.

19. Capabilities of representatives of the central and local public authorities, the academic circle were consolidated in this context, three researches on the gender analysis of local budgets on subject "Vulnerability of women from the incomplete families which are looking after handicapped children around Felesht", "Formal and informal aspects of home care for elderly people around Syndzhery" and "Problems of providing equal opportunities for men and women when forming expense structure of the budget near Tarakliya" were performed. At the same time implementation of gender approach in process of development of the budget faces set of difficulties among which it is possible to list: non-use in the course of forming of the budget of the social standards and financial standard rates correlated to gender problems; lack of project analysis of the budget from the point of view of gender equality; insufficient opportunities (human and technical) the specialists responsible for development of budgets in aspect of use of the principle of gender equality in budget process; non-inclusion of gender approach in case of development of budgets at the industry level; lack of gender and sensitive indicators which can be used in case of assessment of impact of budget costs on implementation of the National program for ensuring gender equality; low level of activity of representatives of civil society in the course of development and monitoring of the budget.

20. The established priority problems:

a) non-use in budget process of the social standards and local financial standard rates correlated to gender issue;

b) weak understanding by the population and specialists of essence of the gender and sensitive budget.

Sphere of participation in public and political decision making process

21. In the Republic of Moldova positive dynamics in the field of involvement of women in process of adoption of public and political decisions is observed. So, in 2008 the post of the Prime Minister was held by the woman, 29,4 of % of the Cabinet of Ministers was constituted by women, among primar there is 17,5 of % of the woman. Also women constituted 21,8 of % of deputies of Parliament. At the same time they participate both in the selective, and in political process and decision making process still insufficiently, or these figures are strongly removed from demographic structure of the population where women represent 51,9 of % and the man - population % 48,1. Important the fact that tendencies of growth of number of the women participating in political activities will be withheld and strengthened. Major factors of positive changes in the field are: change and harmonization of the legislation; observance of the international obligations; application the politician and the programs influencing mentality of the population of rather gender roles of women and men in society and family; elimination of gender stereotypes and structural barriers (such as insufficiency of the services directed to care of children of preschool age, disabled people / aged people; nonflexible working schedules of women and men). Women of Moldova unlike men continue to face the discrimination in political and public areas determined to a great extent by the existing stereotypes and sexism.

22. The established priority problems:

a) insufficient representation of women on executive positions in political and public life;

b) availability of structural barriers of cultural, economic and social nature in case of promotion of women on executive positions in political and public life.

Sphere of social protection and family

23. The system of the public assistance in the classical form and in present structure is based on patriarchal model of society, where exactly women perform unpaid care of aged persons, children and sick people, and also on their more active involvement in social and communitarian activities. This model based on the idea that in family there is income gained both from paid work and from unpaid work on leaving significantly limits social, political and economic participation of women who mainly render services in unpaid leaving, and also reduces role of men in the private sphere. However along with promotion of gender equality in the Republic of Moldova where both men, and women shall have the equal rights and opportunities in the public and private sphere, including promotion of active participation of women in the labor market, this model loses meaning and needs adjustments for the purpose of non-admission of the conflict between policy of the public assistance and policy of labor employment, and also with the principle of promotion of gender equality.

24. The current legislation in the field of the national social insurance does not contain any discrimination in relation to payers and beneficiaries of social services (pension, benefits) by gender. Actually there is gender difference in the amount of pension of social insurance. During the period from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008 the women working in national economy received old-age pension on average of leu 812,33 while the size of average old-age pension of men constituted leu 1147,68.

25. The small size of the pension received by women is caused by the income from which fees of the national social insurance, and insurance years of service were paid. The insurance years of service for women in national economy for 5 years and 1 month are less than insurance years of service for men. The difference in insurance years of service for men and women is created as due to the retirement age regulated on miscellaneous: for men - 62 years and for women - 57 years, and due to distinctions between duration of voluntary and forced breaks in employment which include or do not include insurance years of service. Women more often than men, use socially useful breaks: partially paid leave on child care aged up to 3 years and additional unpaid leave on child care aged from 3 up to 6 years. Thus, the maintenance responsibility and education of children is assigned mainly to women, that is distributed unfairly.

26. The analysis of the sphere of social protection shows what gender distinctions on retirement age and remaining life expectancy at retirement age handicaps both men, and women. Remaining life expectancy at retirement age at men quite low that respectively limits chances of men to use the fees paid on account of future pension.

According to traditional forms of distribution of obligations in household the main responsibility lies on women, and early exit them on pension compensates in certain measure their work on content of household, the birth and education of children. At the same time in compensation and the insurance guard of women and men (not for benefit of women) leads gender distinctions to the increased vulnerability of the insured woman who will receive in the future pension which size will be lower in comparison with pension of men.

27. The established priority problems:

a) double task of women in family and professional life;

b) women as prime vendors of services in leaving and social protection, that is determined to a large extent by traditional stereotypes;

c) gap in the level of pensions of men and women.

Health sector

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