Approved by the Order of the Agency on nuclear and radiation safety of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan of October 7, 2010 No. 1/194

Safety rules in case of transportation of radioactive materials

Introduction

1) These Rules establish requirements in case of transportation of radioactive materials all modes of transport.

2) These Rules takes basis from the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "About radiation safety" and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Tajikistan and international and 8 and 22 Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan "About radiation safety" are sent to execution by Article 6,.

3) These Rules establish safety requirements in case of transportation of radioactive materials, including requirements to transactions and conditions which are connected with movement of radioactive material and constitute this process (designing, production, servicing and repair of packaging set; preparation, loading, sending, transportation, including temporary (transit) storage; unloading and acceptance in final destination of loads of radioactive materials and packagings).

4) These Rules extend to transportation of radioactive materials, including transportation of radioactive materials as a part of products which operation is connected with transportation, except for:

- radioactive materials in case of the activities connected with development, production, testing, operation and utilization of nuclear weapon;

- the radioactive materials which are integral part of the vehicle;

- the radioactive materials implanted or entered into human body or animal for the purpose of diagnostics or treatment;

- the radioactive materials which are in consumer goods on which the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan issues the sanitary and epidemiologic conclusion about release them from radiation control and accounting, after their sale to the consumer;

- the natural materials and ores containing natural radionuclides which are or in their natural state or were processed only for other purposes in addition to extraction of radionuclides and which are not supposed to be overworked for the purpose of use of these radionuclides provided that specific activity of such materials does not exceed more than by 10 times of value specified in the tab. I and the II appendices 1, or no more than 10 Bq/g have effective specific activity;

- radioactive materials which specific activity or general activity of load of which do not exceed the values specified in the tab. I and the II appendices 1.

5) These Rules do not extend on internal (i.e. without departure to means of communication public) movements of radioactive materials on the territory of the companies where these materials are made, used and stored, the requirements to preparation of packaging sets and packagings to transportation except for specified in these rules with departure on means of communication public.

6) These Rules are obligatory for all legal entities and physical persons performing activities in the field of transportation of the radioactive materials including which are taking part in development, production, testing and operation of packaging sets and packagings, and also performing temporary (transit) storage of radioactive materials (packagings) in course of carriage.

 

The list of the accepted reducings

ASF - rescue unit

IBK - safety index on criticality

ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization

ISO - International Organization for Standardization

IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency

UN - United Nations

PBPRM - Rules of safe transportation of radioactive materials.

IAEA the Edition 1996 (corrected). TS-R-1 (ST-1, corrected), IAEA, 2000

TI - the transport index

SI - International system unit measurement

Section I. Basic provisions

Chapter 1. Terms and determinations

For the purposes of these rules the following terms and determinations are applied.

- A1 - value of activity of radioactive material of special type which is specified in the tab. I and the II appendices 1 or is determined according to appendix 1 and which is used for determination of limits of activity according to relevant requirements of these rules.

- A2 - value of activity of radioactive material, except for radioactive material of special type which is specified in the tab. I and the II appendices 1 or is determined according to appendix 1 and which is used for determination of limits of activity according to relevant requirements of these rules.

- Activity - radioactivity measure. For certain amount of radionuclide in certain energy condition in the set timepoint activity of A is set in type

A = dN/dt,

where dN - the expected number of spontaneous nuclear transformations from this energy level for dt time interval. In the SI system (further - the SI) unit of measure of activity is the becquerel (Bq).

- Alpha emitters of low toxicity - natural uranium; depleted uranium; natural thorium; uranium-235 or uranium-238; thorium-232; the thorium-228 and thorium-230, containing in ores or in the form of physical and chemical concentrates; or alpha emitters with half-life period less than 10 days.

- The sharing materials - the nuclear materials containing uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-239, plutonium-241 or any combination of these radionuclides. Do not fall under this determination:

a) unirradiated natural uranium or depleted uranium,

b) the natural uranium or depleted uranium irradiated only in reactors on thermal neutrons.

- Safety index on criticality (further - IBK), the transport packet or cargo container containing the sharing nuclear material, the number which is used for control of total quantity of the packagings, transport packets or cargo containers containing the sharing material established for packaging.

- Exclusive use - use by one consignor of the vehicle or big cargo container with which all initial, intermediate and final transactions on loading and unloading are performed by the consignor or the consignee or on their instructions.

- Category (packaging or transport packet) - the designation of degree of radiation hazard of packaging or packet determined by radiation level on their surface and to their transport index (TI) (the English reducing TI).

- Container of average load-carrying capacity for bulk goods (далееКСГМГ) - the moved packaging set, which:

a) no more than 3 m3 have unobstructed capacity;

b) has the design allowing to perform machining of loads;

c) it is steady against the loadings arising during the processing and transportation of goods according to operating tests;

d) it is designed according to the regulations stated in Chapter devoted to recommendations for containers of average load-carrying capacity for bulk goods, Recommendations of the United Nations (далееООН) on transportation of dangerous goods (Chapter 16 of the OOHST/SG/AC.10/1) edition.

- The maximum normal working pressure - the maximum pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure at sea level which can arise in system of sealing of packaging within one year in the conditions of temperature condition and solar radiation, to the corresponding surrounding conditions, without aeration or dumping of excessive pressure, external chilling by means of additional system or without measures of operational control during transportation.

- Material with low specific activity (further - material NUA) radioactive material which by the nature has limited specific activity, or radioactive material to which limits of the established average specific activity are applied. The materials of external protection surrounding material NUA in case of determination of average specific activity shall not be considered.

Materials NUA are included into one of three groups:

Materials NUA-I:

a) the uranium and thorium ores and concentrates of such ores, other ores containing radionuclides of natural origin (for example, uranium, thorium) and intended for conversion for the purpose of use of these radionuclides;

b) solid unirradiated natural uranium, either depleted uranium, or natural thorium, or their firm or liquid structures, or mixes;

c) radioactive materials for which the size A2 is not limited, except the sharing nuclear materials in the quantities which are not falling under release on Item 85;

d) other radioactive materials in which activity is distributed on all amount and the established average specific activity does not exceed more than by 30 times the concentration of activity specified in appendix 1, except for of the sharing nuclear materials in the quantities which are not falling under release on Item 85.

Materials NUA-II:

a) water with specific activity of hyzone to TBK/l 0,8;

b) materials in which activity is distributed on all amount and the established average specific activity does not exceed 10-4 A2/g for solid and gaseous materials and 10-5 A2/g for liquids.

The materials NUA-III - solid materials, for example, the connected waste, the activated materials, excepting powders, in which:

a) radioactive material is distributed on all solid material, or set of firm objects, or substantially regularly distributed in the solid continuous connecting material (such as concrete, bitumen, ceramics, etc.);

b) radioactive material is a little soluble in water or by the nature contains in slightly soluble bulk (the leakage of radioactive material from packaging when placing it in water for 7 days does not exceed 0,1 A2);

c) the established average specific activity without any protective material does not exceed A2/g 2,10-3.

- Unirradiated thorium - the thorium containing no more than 10-7 g of uranium-233 on 1 g of thorium-232.

- Unirradiated uranium - the uranium containing no more 2, Bq of plutonium on 1 g of uranium-235 and no more than 9 MBK of fission products on 1 g of uranium-235 and no more than 5,10-3 of of uranium-236 on 1 g of uranium-235.

- Not dischargeable (fixed) radioactive pollution of surface - radioactive materials which it is spontaneous or in case of contact with surface in case of usual conditions of transportation do not pass from the contaminated surface into the environment.

- Depleted uranium - the uranium containing amount of uranium-235 smaller in percentage terms on weight in comparison with natural uranium. There is small amount of uranium-234.

- Enriched uranium - the uranium containing amount of uranium-235 bigger in percentage terms on weight in comparison with natural uranium. There is small amount of uranium-234.

- Object with superficial radioactive pollution (далееОПРЗ) - firm subject which, without being radioactive, has radioactive pollution of surface.

OPRZ belong to one of two groups:

OPRZ-I - firm object, on which:

a) the unstable radioactive pollution on available surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 4 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and alpha emitters of low toxicity and 0,4 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters;

b) the fixed radioactive pollution on available surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 4,104 of Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and for alpha emitters of low toxicity and 4,103 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters;

c) the unstable radioactive pollution plus the fixed radioactive pollution on unavailable surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 4,104 of Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and for alpha emitters of low toxicity and 4,103 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

OPRZ-II - firm object on which the fixed pollution or unstable pollution of surface exceeds the corresponding limits specified for OPRZ-I, and on which:

a) the unstable radioactive pollution on available surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 400 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and alpha emitters of low toxicity and 40 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters;

b) the fixed radioactive pollution on available surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 8,105 of Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and for alpha emitters of low toxicity and 8,104 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters; and

c) the unstable radioactive pollution plus the fixed radioactive pollution on unavailable surface average on the area of 300 cm2 (or on all surface if its area less than 300 cm 2), does not exceed 8,105 of Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma-emitters and for alpha emitters of low toxicity and 8,104 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

- Natural uranium - the uranium containing natural mix of isotopes of uranium (approximately 99,28 of % of uranium-238 and 0,72 of % of uranium-235 on weight). There is small amount of uranium-234.

- The program of radiation protection - the program of the events for ensuring planning and accounting of measures of radiation protection which are systematically held in transit radioactive materials.

- Radioactive material - the substance which is not relating to nuclear materials emitting ionizing radiation.

- Radioactive material of special type (further - RMOV) the solid or placed in hermetic cover radioactive material not dissipating, meeting the requirements of these rules to RMOV.

- Radioactive material with low capability to dispersion (further - RMNR) - the solid radioactive material which is not in powdery form or the solid radioactive material placed in hermetic cover, having limited capability to dispersion, meeting the requirements of these rules to RMNR.

- Radioactive pollution of surface - presence of radioactive materials of technogenic origin on the surface of vehicles, cargo containers, container, packagings and other objects in the quantities exceeding 0,4 of Bq/cm2 for beta gamma and alpha emitters of low toxicity and 0,04 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

- Radioactive content - radioactive material together with any radioactive or activated solid substances, liquids and gases which are in packaging set.

- Radioactive material - nuclear material and (or) radioactive material. The term is used in these rules as generalizing, when there is no distinctions in requirements to transportation of radioactive materials and nuclear materials. Hereinafter are understood as radioactive materials as well products on their basis.

- The reservoir - container tank, truck tank, the cistern car or reservoir with a capacity at least 450 l for liquids, powders, granules or mixes and at least 1000 l for gases. The reservoir shall be suitable for transportation on land and to waterways, for filling and emptying without removal of the constructional equipment, shall have the stabilizing elements and elements of fixture on the vehicle and to be suitable for rise in the filled condition.

- Self-sustaining chain nuclear reaction of division (далееСЦР) - process of division of radionuclides in case of which the number of the neutrons which are formed in the course of division of kernels for any interval of time, equally or is more than number of the neutrons decreasing from system owing to leakage and absorption for the same interval of time.

- System of sealing (packaging) - the part of design of packaging set intended for deduction of radioactive content during transportation.

- Dischargeable (unstable) radioactive pollution of surface - radioactive materials which can be removed from surface in usual conditions of transportation.

- Special conditions - the provisions developed and approved by the interested ministries and departments in accordance with the established procedure in case of which accomplishment the load of radioactive materials not fully meeting requirements of these rules and Rules (instructions) existing on each mode of transport can be transported. Accomplishment of these provisions shall provide, at least, the same degree of safety, as well as in case of fulfillment of requirements of these rules.

- Transport packet - the enlarged unit load created from several unit loads (packagings) using different methods and means of packaging providing possibility of complex mechanization of processing, loading, unloading of load and warehouse works. Treat means of packaging: pallets (flat, rack, trellised, box), flexible or tough bindings (tapes, hoisting slings, grids, films), wire, hummock and other elements of fixture.

- The transport index (further - TI) - the number appropriated to packaging, transport packet, cargo container, the reservoir or the unpacked materials NUA-I and OPRZ-I, used for control of radiation safety in case of cargo haulings of radioactive materials. The method of determination of numerical value of the transport index is given in Chapter 5 of these rules.

- Specific activity of isotope - activity per unit mass this isotope.

- Specific activity of material - activity per unit mass or amount of material in which radionuclides are generally distributed regularly.

- Packaging - packaging set with the radioactive content which is in it in the type provided for transportation.

These rules contain requirements to packagings of the following types:

The exempted packaging;

Industrial package (further - PU) types 1, 2, 3 (PU-3) PU-1, PU-2,;

packaging of type A;

packaging like B;

packaging of type C.

Additional requirements are imposed to the packagings of all types containing the sharing materials (see Chapter 7).

Additional requirements are imposed to the packagings containing uranium hexafluoride (see Chapter 5).

To uniformity of classification of packagings according to Rules of IAEA (further - IAEA) in designations like packagings applies Latin letters "B" and "C".

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