Approved by the Order of the Minister of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan of January 21, 2009 No. 9

Rules of industrial safety field pipelines technological inside

1. General provisions

1.1. Requirements of Rules of industrial safety for operation of technological pipelines (further - Governed) extend to pipelines for inside trade collection and transport of oil, the accompanying gases and reservoir water with hydrogen sulfide content in gas in the concentration causing with working pressure the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide to 10 000 Pas or in the liquid which is in balance with serovodorodsoderzhashchy gas under pressure causing the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide to 10 000 Pas or in the liquid containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the quantity corresponding to its solubility with partial pressure to 10 000 Pas.

Are part of pipelines:

a) discharge pipelines from wells for transportation of products of oil wells before zamerny installations;

b) oil-gathering pipelines for transport of products of oil wells from zamerny installations to Items of the first step of separation of oil (oil and gas pipelines);

c) gas pipelines for transportation of oil gas from installations of separation of oil before installations of preparation of gas or to consumers;

d) oil pipelines for transportation of the gas-saturated or razgazirovanny, flooded or anhydrous oil from oil gathering stations and booster pumping points to the central collection points;

e) gas pipelines for transportation of gas to operational wells in case of gas-lift method of production;

e) gas pipelines for supply of gas in productive layers for the purpose of increase in oil recovery;

g) pipelines of systems of flooding of oil layers;

h) conduits of maintenance of reservoir pressure for transport of fresh, reservoir and commercial water on KNS (further - sectional pumping point);

i) oil pipelines for transportation of commodity oil from the central processing facilities to constructions of the main transport;

j) gas pipelines for transportation of gas from the central collection points to constructions of the main transport;

k) ingibitoroprovoda for supply of inhibitors to wells or other infrastructure facilities of oil fields;

l) the on-site pipelines transporting product on subjects to its preparation.

Borders of on-site field pipelines are barriers of the respective platforms, and in the absence of barrier - limits of dumping of the respective platforms.

The pipelines transporting oil with gas in dissolved condition with absolute pressure of elasticity of vapors in case of 20 °C above 0,2 MPa and free condition are referred to as as oil and gas pipelines, and transporting razgazirovanny oil - oil pipelines.

1.2. Rules do not extend:

on bulk distribution lines irrespective of the transported product;

thermal networks, lines of water supply and sewerage;

pipelines from nonmetallic materials (including armored steel pipes);

the field pipelines transporting circles with the hydrogen sulfide content causing its partial pressure over 10 000 Pas.

1.3. Service life of pipelines of different function, certain on the basis of generalization of statistical data on their replacement in use for different regions of industry, is given in the table No. 1.

Table No. 1

Actual service life of field pipelines

Purpose of the pipeline, the transported circle	The actual service life on regions of production, years
1	2
Neftegazosborny pipelines for transport of products of oil wells to the central collection points and booster pumping points (discharge lines, neftegazosborny collectors, gas pipelines, on-site pipelines) in case of hydrogen sulfide content to 300 Pas.	8
The same pipelines, but in case of hydrogen sulfide content in products of wells over 300 Pas.	4
Pipelines of fresh waters.	15
Oil pipelines, gas pipelines for transportation of commodity oil and gas from the central collection points to constructions of the main transport, gas pipelines for transportation of gas to operational wells in case of gas-lift method of production, gas pipelines for supply of gas in productive layers for the purpose of increase in oil recovery.	20

2. Terms and determinations

In these rules the following terms and determinations are applied:

Labor safety - the condition of security of workers provided with complex of the actions excluding impact of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors on workers in the course of labor activity.

Testing for durability - consists that during testing in pipeline system the liquid pressure exceeding working is created. At the same time in material of the pipeline there is increased tension which, with defects, concentrates in regions of arrangement of these defects and destroy the damaged part of design.

Testing for density - in the pipeline is created the working pressure of liquid with which the pipeline for the purpose of identification of thinness of system is examined.

Testing for hermeticity - is that in the examinee the pipeline air or inert gas create working pressure, then the pipeline otglushatsya and maintained under this pressure at least 24 watch. About hermeticity of the pipeline judge by pressure drop size during testing. This type of testing allows to reveal the smallest thinnesses in system.

Working pressure - the largest excessive pressure with which the set mode of operation of armature and details of pipelines is provided.

Welding - engineering procedure of receipt of one-piece connection of elements of design by means of intermolecular interaction between the welded parts.

The pipeline - construction from the pipes connected by welded, flange, carving and other joints for transportation of liquids, gases, suspensions and so forth under the influence of difference of pressure (pressures) in different sections. Depending on type of the transported product pipelines are called also gas pipelines, oil pipelines, oil pipelines, etc.

Pipe - the hollow (hollow) cylindrical or profile products having length, big in comparison with section. With rather small mass of pipe have the big moment of resistance to bend and twisting.

Conditional pressure - the largest excessive pressure at temperature of environment of 20 °C with which long operation of fittings and the details of the pipeline having the given sizes proved by calculations on durability in case of the specific materials and characteristics of their durability corresponding to temperature of 20 °C is admissible.

3. Reducings

In these rules the following reducings are used:

AVB	-	emergency and recovery crew;
BPO	-	base of production servicing;
BM	-	explosive materials;
FUEL AND LUBRICANTS	-	fuels and lubricants;
GZU	-	group zamerny installation;
GPP	-	gas processing plant;
DU	-	nominal diameter;
DNS	-	booster pumping point;
INSTRUMENTATION AND AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS	-	instrumentations and automatic equipment;
KHC	-	sectional pumping point;
PCB	-	complex assembly point;
POWER TRANSMISSION LINE	-	power line;
NANOSECOND	-	pumping point;
NPS	-	oil pumping station;
SPECIFICATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION	-	specifications and technical documentation;
EIA	-	environmental impact assessment;
PPD	-	maintenance of reservoir pressure;
PARTY OF PENSIONERS OF RUSSIA	-	scheduled preventive maintenance;
POS	-	project of the organization of construction;
PUE	-	regulations for electrical installation;
FRIDAY	-	field pipelines;
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION	-	threshold limit value;
PDVK	-	maximum permissible explosive concentration;
PDV	-	maximum permissible emissions;
SURFACTANT	-	surfactants;
Ризб	-	excessive pressure;
Ру	-	pressure conditional;
Slave	-	pressure working;
SVB	-	serovodorodvosstanavlivayushchy bacteria;
ТрККН	-	труборез cumulative ring outside;
ТрККС	-	труборез cumulative ring saddle;
TSPS	-	central collection point;
TSDU	-	central dispatching management;
TSPPN	-	central Item of preparation of oil;
SHKZ	-	shnurovy cumulative charge;
ECP	-	electrochemical protection;
TSDNG	-	workshop of oil and gas extraction.

4. Classification of pipelines

See Classification of pipelines (5Kb In original language)

5. Main requirements to designing

5.1. Requirements to quality assurance of construction

5.1.1. The design of field pipelines and method of their laying provide:

safe and reliable operation within normative service life;

maintaining technology of trade collection and transport of products of wells according to project parameters;

production of installation and repair work;

possibility of control of technical condition of pipelines;

protection of pipelines against corrosion, impact of atmospheric and static electricity;

prevention of formation of ice, hydrated and other traffic jams.

5.1.2. Trasses of pipelines are chosen on the basis of technical and economic researches. As optimality criterions of options the given costs in case of construction, maintenance and repair are accepted, including costs for actions for environmental protection, metal consumption, safety, the set construction time, availability of roads and others.

The parcels of land for construction of pipelines are chosen according to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In case of the choice of the route whenever possible to avoid (to bypass): the water protection zones, woods of the first group, habitat of animals and birds; to bypass sites of sagged and puchinisty soil from the local party; sites with strongly cross-country terrain; swamps, lakes; the route of pipelines has the minimum quantity of transitions through water barriers, iron highways and other natural and artificial obstacles, allows to conduct servicing and repair of pipelines at all seasons of the year.

5.1.3. For reduction of acreage, withdrawn under construction and operation of system of field pipelines, in case of the choice of routes as much as possible to use the principle of corridor laying of linear communications (pipelines, highways, the power transmission line and communication lines).

5.1.4. In case of corridor laying of the power transmission line and communication lines to place one side of the highway, and pipelines - on another, and is closer to the road conduits, further - oil pipelines and the last - gas pipelines keep within.

5.1.5. The technological scheme and constructive design of pipelines of collection of oil, gas and utilization of water get out of condition of effective application of technological methods of fight against corrosion (providing emulsion current, use of inhibitors of corrosion) of pipelines, freezing (sufficient burying, use of heat-insulating materials), sand deposits (sand traps), paraffin (cleaning with the omission of clearing devices, steaming), accumulations of reservoir water and gas in them (ensuring speed of carrying out of water and gas accumulations).

5.1.6. Diameter of pipelines is determined by hydraulic calculation and corresponds to range of the issued pipes. At the same time diameter of the neftegazosborny pipelines transporting wet gas gets out of condition of exception of formation of congestive zones of water accumulations. Diameter of conduits gets out of condition of prevention of formation of rainfall of suspended particles in them. The device of the pipelines transporting products with speeds below critical in case of which the spreading sheet of water or firm rainfall is allocated from products is not allowed.

Hydraulic calculation of the pipelines transporting gas-liquid mixes is recommended to be carried out according to the table No. 3, depending on land relief, viscosity of the transported liquid and account gas content.

If the project organization for accomplishment of hydraulic calculation uses other methods, it provides quality of performance of works.

Table No. 3

Recommended techniques of hydraulic calculation of pipelines (number of technique is specified in square brackets)

5.1.7. In the project the actions plan providing uniform loading of pipelines by priority of drilling of wells, the organizations of regulated dumping which are in passing got water and gas on well pads and booster pumping points, switchings of flows of oil, gas and water to pipelines of the corresponding diameter at the moments of reconstruction of systems of collection to provide the emulsion mode of movement of products on pipelines, water utilization is developed for all the time of operation of pipelines.

5.1.8. Pipes, shaped details, shutoff valves for pipelines of collection of oil, gas and water, their quality and material are chosen according to recommendations of Section 4 of these rules depending on properties of the transported circles, taking into account change of these properties during the entire period of operation of pipelines.

5.1.9. Pipelines are protected from internal corrosion by application of technological methods of protection, internal coverings, inhibitors of corrosion, means of cleaning of pipelines from accumulations of water, firm deposits. Feasibility of this or that method of protection (or their combination) at different operational phases of pipelines is confirmed by technical and economic calculation.

Feasibility of application of means of fight against outside corrosion by use of anticorrosive insulating materials, means of electrochemical protection in each case is determined by technical and economic calculation.

5.1.10. The Items of observation of the speed of internal corrosion equipped with sensors and secondary devices of control are provided in the project of arrangement of the field on pipelines of collection of oil, gas and water.

5.1.11. Actions are provided in the project of arrangement of the field at all production phases of construction works on:

to control of quality of the arriving pipes, shaped details, armature, welding materials;

to operational control behind quality of preparatory, earth, transport and unloading, anticorrosive, welding and mounting, laying, recultivation work.

To diagnostics and pressure testing of pipelines when commissioning.

5.1.12. Thickness of wall of pipelines is determined by strength calculation depending on category of the section of the pipeline, parameters of the transported circle and the constructive decision.

5.1.13. Pipelines cook end-to-end with installation on them connecting details (branches, tees, adapters and others) and steel shutoff valves of ravnoprokhodny section (cranes, latches, gates etc.), according to settlement pressure in the pipeline.

Flange connections are allowed in places of connection of pipelines to devices, fittings and to other equipment having counterflanges on sites of the pipelines requiring periodic disassembly as the isolating joints in zones with the wandering currents.

5.1.14. Admissible radiuses of bends of pipelines in the horizontal and vertical planes are determined by calculation from condition of durability, local stability of walls of pipes and stability of provision of the pipeline under the influence of internal pressure, dead load and the longitudinal squeezing efforts resulting from change of temperature of metal of pipe in use, difference of temperatures of construction and operation of pipelines.

Branches for sites of pipelines where pass of clearing devices is provided, have bend radiuses at least 5 diameters of the pipeline. At welded branches sector angle of rotation no more than 6 °.

5.1.15. Length of branch pipes (direct inserts), vvarivayemy in the pipeline, at least diameter of the pipeline. For pipelines with a diameter of 300 mm and less with working pressure to MPa 2,5 at least 100 mm are allowed to accept length of direct inserts.

5.1.16. In places of branching of system of pipelines, about places of start and acceptance of clearing devices, in installation sites of technological nodes of the locking and regulating armature, on the transitions executed with use of abruptly curved branches and in other cases where considerable axial movements from temperature difference and internal pressure are possible, the size of these movements which consider as impact when calculating on durability of the specified system elements is determined.

These nodes and elements of system are structurally protected from axial deformations of the underground pipelines adjoining them by means of the opened or closed compensators, compensators emphasis, motionless support, the bonds limiting deformations of nodes etc.

5.1.17. In case of transportation on the pipeline of the wet or condensed products the measures preventing formation of ice and hydrated traffic jams are provided (input of methanol, inhibitor, stacking of the pipeline is lower than frost penetration depth, traveling heating of the pipeline and others). The choice of method is determined based on technical and economic calculations.

5.1.18. On gas-condensate, gas, oil fields underground laying of pipes is provided. Elevated (land) laying is applied on certain sites in sparsely populated areas on unstable soil, on transitions through water barriers, ravines, beams, on sites of crossing of corridor of underground communications and others. In each case elevated (land) laying has reasons.

Elevated laying of pipelines of systems of flooding is not allowed.

In seismodangerous areas in case of the choice of design of field pipelines seismic impacts are considered.

5.1.19. The thermal pipelines insulation and its constructive registration are determined by heattechnical calculations, properties of the transported circle, method of laying of the pipeline, requirements of engineering procedure, safe engineering and fire safety.

5.1.20. Shutoff valves of field pipelines are established at the distances determined by calculation proceeding from condition of safety of sites and environmental protection.

Shutoff valves are established according to the project considering land relief at the beginning of each branch from the pipeline more than 500 m long, on entrance and exit of the pipeline from oil preparation installations, on both coast of water barriers, on sites of the oil and gas pipelines passing on marks above the cities and settlements.

5.1.21. Burying of pipelines is determined by conditions of their safety, the mode of transportation and properties of the transported circles.

For protection against mechanical damages and transfer of external loadings burying of pipelines to their upper forming is provided at least:

on not arable lands out of permanent drives in case of the nominal diameter of 300 mm and less - m 0,6; in case of nominal diameter more than 300 mm, but less than 1000 mm - m 0,8; in case of the nominal diameter of 1000 mm and more - m 1,0;

in rocky soil and the marshland in the absence of journey of motor transport and farm vehicles for all diameters - m 0,6;

on the arable and irrigated lands - m 1,0;

when crossing construction and drying channels, provincial (trade) highways - m 1,1.

Depth of laying of the pipelines transporting the circles freezing at negative temperatures is accepted on m 0,5 lower than depth of frost penetration in soil.

5.1.22. Joint laying (in one trench) pipelines of one appointment with a nominal diameter of 300 mm and less is allowed. The number of the pipelines stacked in one trench is determined by the project. In case of simultaneous laying the distance between pipelines is accepted from condition of high-quality and safe works in case of their construction and repair, but m 0,5 in light suffices.

When stacking pipelines occurring at different times in trench of both one, distance of different function between them is accepted taking into account ensuring safety of active pipeline in case of production of installation and construction works and safety of works, but there is at least specified in the table No. 4.

Table No. 4

The minimum distances between pipelines

Nominal diameter of the projectible pipeline, mm	The minimum distance between axes of the designed and operating pipelines, m
1	2
To 100 inclusive	5
Over 100 to 300 inclusive	8
Over 300 to 600 inclusive	11
Over 600	14

 

5.1.23. Land laying of pipelines in embankments is applied on sites with the low bearing capability of soil on swamps and the flooded sites.

Combination of the embankment which is poured out for pipelines with embankment for the intra-field operational road is allowed. At the same time actions for protection of the pipeline against damage by heavy machinery are performed.

5.1.24. Land laying of pipelines without embankment by soil with compensation of axial deformations is allowed on the trasses passing across the sparsely populated area with quiet relief in the absence of hillocks of pucheniye, landslides and other conditions which can cause inadmissible horizontal and vertical movements of pipelines.

5.1.25. Elevated laying of pipelines is applied on sites where soil has the low bearing capability, on sites with the crossed land relief, in the presence of large number of water currents, ravines, lakes and the rivers, on transitions of pipelines through water barriers, beds of mud streams, when crossing landslide sites and sites with sagged and puchinisty soil, in case of rocky soil, and in other cases when underground laying is insufficiently reliable, difficult and economically inexpedient.

5.1.26. Elevated laying of several pipelines on one support in one - two tiers with ensuring access to them for accomplishment of repair work, works on drawing and recovery of anticorrosive coverings is allowed. Distance in light between nearby, at one level, pipelines at least 250 mm in case of the nominal diameter of pipes to 250 mm inclusive and at least diameter of the pipeline in case of pipes with nominal diameter more than 250 mm.

5.1.27. Height of laying of above-ground pipeline from the Earth's surface is accepted depending on land relief and soil conditions, climatic conditions of the area, thermal impact of the pipeline on soil, providing drives of transport, migration of large animals, etc. The distance from pipeline bottom up to the Earth's surface is at least m 0,25, in places of easy access of people - m 2,5 suffices, on the ways of migration of large animals - 3,0 of m suffices and when crossing highways - at least 5,5 of m (in coordination with the organizations exploiting them).

5.1.28. Above-ground pipelines are under construction taking into account longitudinal movements from temperature impacts, testing by their internal pressure, the omission of clearing devices and stability in wind flow.

5.1.29. Steady position of pipelines against emersion and vypiraniye when passing on the flooded and boggy sites in case of absence in them the transported product when soil has no the holding capability or its holding capability is insufficient, is provided with replacement and fixing of soil, fixing of pipelines by means of the ballasting devices, anchor fixtures or other methods which are carried out according to calculation.

5.1.30. As the ballasting devices can be applied: continuous concreting of the pipeline; continuous covering of the pipeline combined steel concrete shells; installation of breakbulk steel concrete cargoes of different design with use only the mass of loads or mass of loads with the soil located on them; stacking over the pipeline of plates or boxes with soil, rasstilka over the pipeline of the nonwoven fabrics keeping certain mass of soil, filling, fixing of soil and other methods.

As anchor devices it is allowed to apply: screw anchors, anchors with the revealing blades, zabivny piles and other types of anchor devices.

5.1.31. The on-site pipelines and metal protective coatings of heat insulation of pipelines laid nadzemno are protected from impact of atmospheric and static electricity.

5.1.32. For free journey of transport and free pass of people on air transitions the minimum height to the lower part of pipelines or flying building constructions of high platforms, m:

over railway tracks (from head of rails) - 6,0;

over highways and drives - 5,5;

over pedestrian passes - 2,5.

5.1.33. When crossing by high platforms of railway tracks and highways the distance across from side of the next support of platform is at least: м:

to axis of railway track of normal track - 2,45;

to highway border - 1,0.

5.1.34. Crossings of platforms with air-lines of electricity transmission are carried out according to "Regulations for electrical installation of the Republic of Kazakhstan", are approved by the order of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 26, 2004 No. 189.

Electricity transmission air-lines on crossings with platforms pass only over pipelines. The minimum distance down from the upper technological pipelines of platform to power lines (the lower wires taking into account their sagging) is accepted depending on tension (the table No. 5).

Table No. 5

The minimum distance down from the upper technological pipelines of platform to power lines

Tension, kV	To 1,0	From 1 to 20	From 35 to 110	150	220
Distance over pipeline, in m	1,0	3,0	4,0	4,5	5,0

 

In case of determination of vertical and horizontal distances between air-lines of electricity transmission and any on-site pipelines the protective barriers established over them in the form of lattices of galleries, platforms are considered as part of pipelines.

5.1.35. Place armature, flange, threaded connections, lens, wavy compensators and drainage devices on the pipelines located over railway tracks, highways and walking paths it is not allowed.

5.1.36. Transit laying of any pipelines under buildings and over them is not allowed.

5.1.37. On-site pipelines are laid with the bias providing their perhaps complete emptying in the shop equipment and reservoirs. Biases it is at least:

for easily mobile liquid substances - 0,002;

for gaseous substances - 0,003;

for the high-viscosity and stiffening substances - 0,020.

It is allowed to lay pipelines with smaller bias or without it, at the same time measures for their emptying are provided.

5.1.38. Through walls, overlappings, partitions on-site pipelines consist in places of passing to steel sleeves from pipes which internal diameter is 10-20 mm more than the outer diameter of pipelines or thermal isolation. The gap between the pipeline and sleeve since both ends is filled with the fireproof material allowing longitudinal movement of the pipeline.

Sleeves are strictly fixed in building construction. Place welded joints of the pipeline in sleeves it is not allowed.

5.1.39. On-site pipelines and fittings are placed taking into account ensuring passes. The pipelines laid along walls of buildings do not cross window and doorways.

5.1.40. In case of arrangement and fixture of on-site pipelines in buildings the possibility of free movement of hoisting-and-transport devices is considered.

5.1.41. It is not allowed to lay on-site pipelines in administration, household, economic rooms, in rooms of electrodistributing devices, cameras, thermal Items, on the ways of evacuation of personnel (staircases, corridors etc.).

5.1.42. On-site pipelines with conditional pass to 100 mm are allowed to be laid on outside surface of blank walls of auxiliary rooms.

On-site pipelines with conditional pass to 200 mm are allowed to be laid on fireproof sites of bearing walls of factory buildings. Such pipelines are located on m 0,5 below or above window or doorways (except for the buildings having continuous glazing).

Laying of pipelines on walls and the protecting designs dumped in case of impact of blast wave is not allowed.

Placement of armature, flange and threaded connections and drainage devices on the pipelines laid under window and doorways is not allowed.

Distances between the pipelines laid in parallel, between the pipeline and building constructions, both across, and down is chosen taking into account possibility of assembly, survey, drawing thermal isolation and repair of pipelines, and also the shift of pipelines in case of temperature deformation, according to appendix No. 2.

5.1.43. Laying of trade oil and gas condensate drain lines in one trench with cable lines is not allowed.

5.1.44. Parallel laying of pipelines, their crossing with cable is made according to the "Regulations for electrical installation" approved by the order of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 26, 2004 No. 189 [1].

5.1.45. When laying cable lines in parallel with oil, gazo-and condensate drain lines distance across between cable and the gas condensate pipeline at least 1 m.

The cables which are from oil, gazo-and condensate drain line at smaller distance (but m 0,25 suffices), throughout rapprochement are laid in pipes.

Parallel laying of cables over and under oil, gazo-and condensate drain line in the vertical plane is not allowed.

5.2. Transitions of pipelines through natural and artificial obstacles

5.2.1. Transitions of pipelines through the rivers, canals, lakes, streams, ravines, swamps, automobile and the railroads are carried out elevated or underground by methods. The choice of method of construction of transition is made based on technical and economic calculations.

The made decisions are approved with the organizations under which authority the crossed systems are.

Underwater transitions of pipelines through water barriers

5.2.2. Underwater transitions of pipelines are designed based on these gidrologo-morphological, engineering-geological and topographical researches taking into account service conditions of earlier constructed underwater transitions around construction designed and the operating hydraulic engineering constructions influencing the mode of water barrier in the place of transition, perspective dredging and vypravitelny works, conditions of navigation and requirements to environmental protection and fish resources.

5.2.3. Location of the site of underwater transition is determined taking into account the direction of the route of the pipeline and approved in accordance with the established procedure.

Alignments of transitions get out through the rivers on the most steady sites of beds against washout with the minimum width of the filled-in floodplain in the direction of perpendicularly dynamic axis of flow.

Laying of underwater transitions m below the predicted river bed profile to top of the zaballastirovanny pipeline determined based on engineering researches are performed with burying in reservoir bottom on 0,, but m 1,0 from natural marks of bottom of reservoir suffices.

On transitions through non-navigable and the closed reservoirs which are not freezing through to the bottom in case of the corresponding reasons stacking of pipelines on reservoir bottom with burying in soil m 0,5 at least from top of the zaballastirovanny pipeline to the bottom of reservoir is allowed.

When freezing reservoir the distance from the lower surface of ice to top of ballasting of the pipeline is at least m 0,5.

When crossing water barriers which bottom is put by rocky soil burying of the pipeline is accepted by at least 0,5 of m, counting up from top of the zaballastirovanny pipeline, to reservoir bottom mark in undisturbed condition.

5.2.4. With width of water barriers of 75 m and more in places of crossing of water barriers trade collectors of gas (oil), neftegazosborny pipelines, oil pipelines and conduits bedded and sewage provide laying of reserve thread. In case of the corresponding reasons the reserve thread is allowed to be provided also when crossing water barriers up to 75 m wide with width of filled in floodplain more than 500 m on water level in case of 10% of security and duration of flooding with flood waters more than 20 days.

Need of laying of reserve thread for discharge lines of wells, metanoloprovod to wells, pipelines of systems of flooding is established by the project based on the feasibility statement.

5.2.5. On underwater transitions diameter of the pipeline and diameter of reserve thread are accepted equal to diameter of the main highway.

The distance between parallel strings of underwater pipelines on river-bed sites is appointed proceeding from engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions, possibility of production of the construction and repair work excluding damage of the next pipelines. The minimum distances between axes of the gas pipelines buried in reservoir bottom are made by 30 m with diameter of pipes up to 1000 mm inclusive and 50 m - for pipelines with a diameter over 1000 mm.

On multistrand transitions of the pipelines transporting liquid products laying of the main strings of the pipeline in general trench is allowed.

5.2.6. Laying of underground pipelines on transitions via channels and aryk of irrigating system is provided with burying below waterway bottom on depth of at least 1,0 of m, considering from top of the zaballastirovanny pipeline.

5.2.7. Underwater transitions not lower than 1% of security are fixed in borders of the horizon of high waters against emersion. In river-bed part of transition the ring loads or concreting providing their reliable stability against shifts in case of possible changes of bed are applied.

5.2.8. On transitions through water barriers calculation of ballasting of trade oil pipelines is made from condition of its complete emptying, i.e. without product weight.

5.2.9. On transitions through deep swamps and lakes in case of the corresponding feasibility statement it is allowed to apply to prevention of emersion of pipelines with a diameter up to 250 mm instead of the ballasting pipe devices with the increased thickness of the wall providing negative buoyancy.

5.2.10. On underground passages through waterways shore protection measures are provided.

5.2.11. On transitions through the spawning rivers and streams pipelines are laid nadzemno on support for the purpose of impact exception on conditions of dwelling of valuable breeds of fishes, at the same time pipes are located higher than 1% of level of the horizon of high waters for the size at least 1,0 of m, actions for protection of exits of pipes from soil from ice drift are provided.

5.2.12. In case of the maximum depth of frost penetration in water on intra marsh lakes depth of laying of pipelines provides exception of freezing of ballastirovochny loads in ice.

Elevated transitions of pipelines

5.2.13. In case of the device of elevated transitions through natural and artificial obstacles the bearing capability of the pipeline is used. In case of reasons bridges are applied to laying of pipelines. Laying of pipelines on road bridges is allowed during the designing of the pipeline of category B and receipt of permission of the owner of the bridge.

The simplest performed by are frame systems of transitions (simple and strengthened). When under the terms of land relief, the mode of barrier, complexity of the device of intermediate support or for other reasons distance size between support is more than that which can be blocked by frame systems, trailing systems (guy, one-chain and others) or arch designs are applied.

Arch designs of transitions are applied where under the terms of road maintenance or water barrier the pipeline is raised on considerable height.

The size of the blocked flight and the constructive scheme of transition are established depending on nature of obstacle, requirements of the interested organizations, environmental protection, reliability of operation and technical and economic reasons.

5.2.14. In case of elevated crossing of ravines, beams, gorges, channels, rivers and other water barriers the distance from bottom of pipe or designs of flying structure is accepted:

when crossing ravines, beams, small water currents, and also standing lakes - m 0,5 to water level in case of 5% of security suffices;

when crossing the non-navigable, not floatable rivers, big ravines where the ice drift is possible, and lakes with rotary current of water and movement of ice - m 0,2 to water level in case of 1% of security and of the highest horizon of ice drift suffices;

when crossing the navigable and floatable rivers - at least the size established by regulations of designing of bridge clearances and requirements of designing of bridges.

In the presence of alloy and korchekhod the possibility of formation of zalom and jams and distance to water level in case of 1% of security is considered to increase up to 1 m.

5.2.15. Flights of elevated frame transitions of systems of pipelines are allowed to be increased at the expense of the room of the working pipeline in pipe of bigger diameter, joint operation of two pipes, the device shprengely and others. Direct welding is not allowed to the working pipeline of the strengthening elements.

5.2.16. Joint laying on one support of group elevated transitions of pipelines and power lines is allowed for the networks intended for servicing of pipelines (cables of the alarm system, scheduling, the electric drive of latches).

At the same time the electrical wiring is located in pipes below pipelines on independent brackets or suspension brackets.

5.2.17. The pas transitions through water barriers on technological bridges is allowed joint laying of gas pipelines and pipelines with liquid combustible circles if the specified pipelines belong to one technological node.

5.2.18. When laying above-ground pipelines in living flood plains of the rivers and reservoirs, outside the boundaries of ice drift temporary flooding is allowed by their water when providing the conditions preventing emersion of support and pipelines. Isolation of such sites is strengthened.

Transitions of pipelines through iron and highways

5.2.19. Transitions of pipelines through the railroads, extra-trade highways I-IV of categories and trade highways with advanced covering design in places of passing of roads in embankments or in zero marks, the angle of crossing of the pipeline with roads 90 °. All crossings are approved with the owner of thoroughfares. Laying of pipelines through body of embankment is not allowed.

In places of crossing of the pipeline with highways V of category, trade highways without advanced coverings, the protective measures excluding damages of pipelines are provided. Places of moving are designated by special signs.

5.2.20. Sites of pipelines iron and highways consist in places of crossing in protective cases from steel or steel concrete pipes, in tunnels which diameter is determined by conditions of production of works and design of transition, but anyway there are more outer diameter of pipe on 200 mm at least.

The ends of case are removed on distance:

on transitions through the railroads - on 25 m from axes of extreme ways, but on 5 m at least from sole of slope of embankment and on 3 m - from brow of slope of dredging or drainage constructions (ditch, mountain ditch, etc.);

on transitions through highways - on 10 m from brow of road bed, but on 2 m at least from embankment sole. On oil pipelines and oil, the products pipelines crossing highways III and IV of categories, the distance from brow of road bed is allowed to be reduced to 5 m.

5.2.21. On both ends of the protection cover the consolidations providing hermeticity of interpipe space for the purpose of environmental protection are provided. On pipelines I and II of categories with a diameter more than 500 mm one of the ends of the protection cover has exit in by-pass well or on ladder with torch.

5.2.22. Burying of pipelines on transitions under the railroads at least 2 m from rail sole to protective case of at least 0,5 of m to it from bottom of ditch, drainage ditch or drainage. Burying of pipelines under highways is at least m 1,4 from top of covering of roads (carriageway) to protective case, and in case of its absence - to upper forming the pipeline at least 0,4 of m from bottom of ditch, drainage ditch or drainage.

On transitions through iron and the highways paved on puchinisty and unstable soil are provided constructive actions for exception of uneven pucheniye (deposit) of foundation of roads.

5.2.23. Places of crossing of pipelines with the railroads are removed (across) from arrows and crosspieces on 10 m at least. In case of puchinisty and unstable soil this distance increases to 20 m.

5.3. Protective zones

5.3.1. Protective zones are created for the purpose of prevention of negative impacts of pipelines on the objects located on borders of these zones, activities of the different organizations on safety and safety of operation of pipelines.

5.3.2. The minimum distances determining the size of protective zones from axis of underground, surface and above-ground pipelines of different function to objects, buildings and constructions are established by the project.

5.3.3. Within protective zones the construction of any objects without approval of the operating organization is not allowed.

5.3.4. The actual material on the pipeline (executive shooting) which is drawn up in accordance with the established procedure by the construction organizations and the customer is reported to executive bodies on places for drawing it on district land use maps.

5.3.5. Withdrawal of the parcels of land under construction of buildings and constructions and laying of communications in close proximity to protective zones is performed according to the procedure, established by the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

5.3.6. In the project of the organization of works on carrying out acceptance hydraulic tests of field pipelines in case of pipeline construction within the settlement or in close proximity to it for safety of the population the notification of the population through local radio and the press according to the request of the operating organization about the carried-out testing with issue of the written prevention of territorial administration and to land users about inadmissibility of emergence of the population is provided in protective zone during testing.

5.3.7. Prior to filling of the pipeline with the transported products all works provided by the project are performed.

5.3.8. In case of production in protective zone of the works connected with explosion energy use, the procedure for the organization of works is approved with the organization operating the pipeline.

5.4. Control facilities, regulations, antiemergency protection

5.4.1. The automation equipment of control and regulation provide:

control (local and remote) behind the course of engineering procedures of transport of oil and gas;

control of condition and operating modes of processing equipment;

measurement of the current parameters (pressure, temperature, expense, level, product quality);

possibility of receipt of information on separate controlled parameters, their extreme sizes or variations from the established values;

maintenance of the set technological mode;

local and remote control of operation of processing equipment.

5.4.2. Means of antiemergency protection provide:

the alarm system in case of exit of technological parameters for extreme values;

management of objects of systems of collection for the purpose of the prevention, determinations, localization and accident elimination;

the automatic blocking of the equipment operating irrespective of other control units.

5.4.3. Control facilities, regulation and antiemergency protection in case of pressure testing of the field pipelines (FP) make:

control of pressure on the site of pressure testing and behind the cutting latch;

control of condition of the latches and caps cutting the site of pressure testing;

the alarm system (warning and emergency) in case of extreme values of pressure on the site of pressure testing;

emergency stop of the pump;

local and remote control of shutoff valves on the site of pressure testing;

regulation of technological parameters of the pump.

5.5. Means of cleaning

5.5.1. Cleaning of internal cavity of field pipelines is provided for the purpose of recovery of their handling capacity by removal of paraffin, sand, water and gas accumulations and different mechanical impurity, for the purpose of reduction in the rate of corrosion of pipes due to removal of accumulation of water and mechanical impurity.

Nodes of start and acceptance of clearing devices are provided on pipelines with a diameter of 200 mm and more.

5.5.2. The choice of method of cleaning (mechanical, chemical, thermal, combined) and equipment of the section of the pipeline complex of the equipment for cleaning of his internal cavity is confirmed by technical and economic calculation.

Cleaning of telescopic pipelines is allowed to be made thermal or chemical (including gels) methods, scrapers for pipes of variable diameter.

5.5.3. The sections of the pipeline which are exposed to mechanical methods of cleaning meet the following requirements:

the section of the pipeline is welded from pipes of one diameter taking into account possibility of the omission of the clearing device on all its extent;

sizes of ovality of pipes, dents and corrugation are in admissible limits;

the site has no podkladny rings, devices acting in internal cavity of the pipeline;

radiuses of curve inserts on the site at least five diameters of the pipeline;

the section of the pipeline is equipped with full bore shutoff valves;

the site maintains loadings from the omission of clearing devices.

5.5.4. The complex of the equipment for cleaning of cavity of the pipeline provides accomplishment of all technological transactions including start-up and acceptance of the clearing device, control of its passing across the site, collection and utilization of the pollution which are taken out from the pipeline.

The complex of the equipment contains: cameras of start-up and acceptance of the clearing device; the equipment for zapasovka in the camera of start-up and extraction from the camera of acceptance of the clearing device; technological binding of cameras of start-up and acceptance with shutoff valves; control facilities and alarm systems behind passing of the clearing device; constructions for collection and utilization of the pollution which are taken out from cavity of the pipeline.

5.5.5. Cameras of start-up and acceptance of the clearing device are established on the bases for providing their nesmeshchayemost in use. They are expected loadings from the omission of clearing devices and axial efforts from temperature difference and internal pressure. Cameras of launch of clearing devices are structurally protected from the axial efforts caused by impact of the underground pipelines adjoining them.

5.5.6. The equipment for input and extraction of the clearing device pozharovzryvobezopasno, provides mechanization of preparatory work, convenience and reliability in operation.

5.5.7. The technological binding of cameras of start-up and acceptance provides possibility of transfer of operation of the camera into starting contour in case of acceptance of clearing devices.

5.5.8. Constructions for the collection and utilization which are taken out from the pipeline of pollution (paraffin, sand, water, condensate, etc.) are expected the greatest possible amount of pollution. Platforms of placement of constructions for collection and utilization of the pollution which are taken out from the pipeline have barriers and are at safe distance from fire-dangerous objects.

5.5.9. Control facilities and alarm systems provide possibility of determination of the location of the clearing device on length of the cleared site. The clearing device is equipped with the signaling device for determination of its location.

5.5.10. The management system complex of the clearing equipment provides opportunity remote (from the dispatcher's board) and local (from platforms of start-up and acceptance) process controls of start-up and acceptance of the clearing device.

5.5.11. The complex of the devices used to periodic cleaning provides complete removal of pollution from pipeline cavity, and clearing devices - sealing in case of movement on all length of the cleared site.

5.5.12. Devices for cleaning of cavity of the pipeline meet requirements:

provide complete cleaning of walls of pipes of paraffin, sand, products of corrosion, water and condensate;

move on curve inserts with the radius equal to five diameters of the pipeline, without violation of work of structural elements of the pipeline;

convenient for input in cameras of start-up and extraction from acceptance cameras to have the minimum weight;

provide possibility of replacement of the pressurizing and clearing elements in case of exit them out of operation.

5.6. Production schedules

5.6.1. The production schedules on operation of pipelines of systems of collection of oil, gas and water on crafts are the document containing requirements to operation of these systems for the purpose of maintenance of optimum parameters of operation of pipelines, their approval of parameters of work of all field, installations of preparation of oil, gas and water, ensuring the reached level of reliability, safety, production sanitation, fire and explosion safety and environmental protection.

5.6.2. Regulations are signed by the head of the organization which constituted them, approved with the project organization which developed the construction project of the pipeline affirm technical leads of the organizations operating intra-field pipelines.

5.6.3. Regulations are constituted on the basis of achievements of science in the equipment in the field by the time of development of regulations. The regulations are carried out on specific technical solutions.

5.6.4. The regulations on system of pipelines of collection of oil, gas and water contain requirements to:

to technological level of processes;

to technical characteristic of the transported products, the main and auxiliary materials;

to technical characteristic of waste and emissions;

technologies of collection and transport of products for the entire period of operation of the field;

to calculation of the key technological parameters;

to physical and chemical and heatphysical properties of the transported substances, environments and mixes;

technical operation of pipelines (maintenance and regulation of parameters; fight against complications - freezing, deposits of paraffin, sand, iron oxides; fight against corrosion; implementation of scheduled preventive maintenance; accident elimination etc.);

to control of key parameters of work and reliability of pipelines (remote control of parameters, telemechanization, defectoscopy etc.);

to safe engineering, production sanitation and fire and explosion safety;

to environmental protection.

to start-up, stop and preservation of certain sites of pipelines;

5.6.5. Regulations are constituted on system of collection in general. Development of regulations on the separate pipeline is allowed. In this case it corresponds to regulations on system of collection in general.

5.6.6. Amendments and changes are made to the approved regulations by the organization which constituted regulations. The added and changed regulations are approved and again affirm according to the procedure, established for again developed regulations.

5.7. Modification of the technological and project documentation

5.7.1. Change is understood as any correction, exception or addition of any data.

5.7.2. Any change in normative technical document causing any changes in other normative technical documents at the same time is followed by entering of corresponding changes into all interconnected normative technical documents.

5.7.3. Notices on changes in the existing normative technical documents are made by the organization - the holder of originals of these documents.

5.7.4. Changes are carried out by the organizations applying the regulating technical document.

5.7.5. The corrections of normative technical documents caused by introduction of wrong changes are drawn up by new notices on changes.

5.7.6. In case of detection of mistake it is allowed to bring in the copies which are in production, the corrections signed by responsible persons with the subsequent release of the notice on change immediately.

5.7.7. The organization - the holder of originals according to all offers on change which arrived from other organizations within a month after their obtaining directs the answer about acceptance of the offered changes, or about their variation with indication of specific reasons for rejection or delay of the offered changes.

5.7.8. Represent to the customer with the notice on change technical calculations (reports on testing) proving the made changes.

6. Materials of field steel pipelines

6.1. General provisions

6.1.1. The pipes applied to field steel pipelines, shaped connecting details, flanges, laying and fasteners meet for quality and technical characteristics of material the requirements of these rules.

6.1.2. Material of pipes and detail of pipelines are chosen according to the existing standard rates taking into account operating experience. Along with steel it is allowed to apply plastic, polymetallic and other pipes.

6.2. Types of pipes, scope and requirements to their quality

6.2.1. Pipes steel seamless, electrowelded straight-line-seam, spiralnoshovny, welded by current of high frequency, made from quiet and semi-quiet carbonaceous and low-alloyed staly, with a diameter up to 500 mm inclusive, from quiet and semi-quiet, as a rule, low-alloyed staly with a diameter more than 500 mm are applied to pipelines. Requirements imposed to pipes for construction of pipelines with nominal diameter up to 500 mm irrespective of pressure and from 500 mm and above with partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide of 300 Pas and less. Application of spiralnoshovny pipes of any diameter within sites of category B is not allowed.

Pipes from quiet carbonaceous and low-alloyed staly seamless (with a diameter up to 426 mm inclusive) and straight-line-seam (diameter more than 426 mm) with satisfactory firmness against hydrosulphuric cracking are applied to the pipelines (except for pipelines of oil fields) transporting circles with partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide more than 300 Pas. The pipes specified in item 6.2.5 are applied to pipelines of oil fields.

6.2.2. Pipes taking into account subitem 6.2.3-6.2.4 are applied to pipelines of the gas and gas-condensate fields transporting wet serovodorodsoderzhashchy circles with pressure of hydrogen sulfide more than 300 Pas.

6.2.3. Pipe seamless intended for transportation of the gas containing hydrogen sulfide with its partial pressure more than 300 Pas (0,0030 of kgf/cm 2), are made of rolled or shod procurement (application of cast procurement is not allowed), with testing of mechanical properties for stretching and testing for hardness, check on impact strength and on maximum deviations from the nominal sizes.

6.2.4. Pipes are seamless, corresponding items 6.2. 3, is allowed to be applied to sites of pipelines of categories B, I and II on condition of hydraulic testing of each pipe and quality control of each pipe by nondestructive methods (ultrasonic defectoscopy).

6.2.5. In case of determination of thickness of walls of the pipelines transporting corrosion and aggressive serovodorodsoderzhashchy circles and calculated on the bearing capability are added:

C1 - minus the admission on production of seamless pipes or steel sheet for welded pipes;

C2 - the additive to wall thickness on general corrosion determined experimentally or calculation proceeding from the rated speed of corrosion pipe became in this circle, taking into account projectible remedies (inhibitors, gas drying, application of coverings, etc.), their efficiency, projectible useful life of the pipeline.

In the absence of possibility of determination of speed of general corrosion on the set object settlement or by practical consideration allows approximate determination of additive (02) by analogy with another, earlier designed objects, with close service conditions of pipes. In all cases the size of such additive is at least 2 mm.

Thickness of wall of pipelines of the systems of flooding transporting fresh waters is determined by the bearing capability without additive on corrosion of C2.

6.2.6. For serovodorodsoderzhashchy circles with partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide higher than 300 Pas are provided in all cases of application of steel pipes protection of pipelines against internal corrosion (inhibitors, protective coatings and others).

6.2.7. Pipes are considered suitable on quality provided that:

they conform to requirements of delivery and have factory marking and certificates;

variations of outer diameter of pipes throughout at least 200 mm from end face do not exceed ± 2 mm;

the wall thickness variation on end faces does not exceed the extreme values regulated to normative technical documents;

ovality of seamless pipes does not remove their outer diameter for maximum deviations, and welded pipes with a diameter of 426 mm and more - does not exceed 1% of nominal outer diameter (at the same time ovality is determined as the relation of difference of sizes of the greatest and the smallest measured diameters of end face of the inspected pipe to nominal diameter);

curvature of pipes does not exceed 1, 5 mm by 1 m of length, and general curvature - no more 0,2 of % of length of pipe;

the kosina of cut of end faces of pipes does not exceed mm 2,0;

on trailer sites of pipes there are no stratifications of any size coming to edge or surface of pipe;

depth of scratches, рисок and zadir on surface of pipes (details, armature) does not exceed mm 0,2; on body and at end faces of pipe there are no dents;

in the places struck with corrosion, thickness of wall of pipe does not go beyond minus admissions.

6.2.8. Pipes are allowed to be subjected to repair if:

depth рисок, scratches and zadir on surface of pipes does not exceed 5% of wall thickness;

dents on the ends of pipes have depth of no more 3,5 of % of external diameter;

depth забоин and zadir of facets no more than 5 mm;

on trailer sites of pipes there are stratifications which can be removed with cutting.

6.2.9. Repair and the conclusion about suitability of pipes for further use are drawn up by the act in the established form.

6.2.10. Branch pipes of shutoff and distribution valves, details of pipelines having the defects listed in item 7.2. 8, are exposed to repair on permission of manufacturing plant.

6.2.11. Pipes are recognized unsuitable for construction of oil and gas pipelines if they do not meet the requirements of subitems 7.2.7 and 7.2.8.

6.2.12. In case of measurement of outer diameter of pipes, details of pipelines and other details with a diameter up to 57 mm inclusive for the size of diameter accept arithmetic average of measurements of diameter in two mutually perpendicular directions. Measurements are taken caliper with a margin error of no more 1,0 of mm.

6.2.13. Thickness of wall is measured from end faces of pipes and details by caliper at least in five, regularly distributed on circle, points with a margin error of no more 0,1 of mm.

6.2.14. In the places struck with corrosion, thickness of wall is measured by means of the ultrasonic feeler gage with a margin error of no more 0,1 of mm.

6.2.15. Application of pipes from different is this to operation, staly depending on temperature, and construction of pipelines in appendix No. 3.

6.2.16. The sizes of seamless and electrowelded steel pipes are accepted according to the nomenclature of the issued pipes according to appendices No. 4; No. 5.

6.2.17. For pipes and other details with a diameter more than 57 mm value of the outer diameter D, mm, calculate on formula:

where P - perimeter, the mm measured by roulette with mm 0,5 accuracy;

T - thickness of tape of roulette, mm.

6.3. Shutoff valves

6.3.1. On method of accession to the pipeline shutoff valves are subdivided on flange, muftovy and welded. The Muftovy pig-iron armature is recommended only for pipelines with conditional pass no more than 50 mm transporting nonflammable neutral circles. The Muftovy steel armature is allowed to be applied on pipelines to all circles in case of conditional pass no more than 40 mm.

6.3.2. Marking is applied on the case and contains: trademark of manufacturing plant; conditional pressure; diameter of conditional pass; the arrow showing the direction of flow. On fittings manufactured of steel with special properties the case material brand in addition is specified.

6.3.3. Armature depending on working parameters and properties of the transported circle is recommended to be chosen according to appendices No. 6; No. 7.

6.3.4. To choose armature material for pipelines depending on service conditions, parameters and physical and chemical properties of the transported circle. Armature from non-ferrous metals and their alloys is allowed to be applied only when steel and pig-iron armature cannot be used for the reasonable reasons. Limits of use of pig-iron fittings are this in appendix 8.

6.3.5. In case of the choice like shutoff valves (latch, the gate, the crane) it is necessary to be guided by diameter of the pipeline and nature of the repumped circle:

with conditional pass over 50 mm are generally applied the latches having the smaller hydraulic resistance, hermeticity according to appendices No. 9, No. 10, No. 11, No. 12 to pipelines the smaller construction length and the variable direction of movement of the circle;

with conditional pass less than 50 mm are recommended to use the gates having the considerable hydraulic resistance interfering their application on pipelines of bigger diameter to pipelines.

Cranes are used if use of latches or gates inadmissibly under the terms of operation.

Use of shutoff valves as regulating is not allowed.

6.4. Flanges

6.4.1. Flanges and materials for them are chosen taking into account working parameters of the circle. For high-aggressive environments and environments with temperatures, material of flanges is established on appendix No. 13.

6.4.2. Flat welded flanges are allowed to be applied to the pipelines working with conditional pressure of no more 2,5 of MPa and to temperature of the circle is not higher plus 300 °C.

6.4.3. Only steel flanges welded end-to-end are applied to the pipelines working with conditional pressure over 2,5 to MPa or temperature over 300 °C irrespective of pressure.

6.4.4. Application of flat steel welded flanges with conditional pressure to MPa 1,0 on the pipelines transporting the combustible, toxic and liquefied gases is not allowed.

6.4.5. Laying is applied to flanges depending on properties of the transported circles and their parameters.

For the flanges expected Ru - 2, MPa, it is allowed to apply only soft, the spiral metal laying wound or corrugated with soft stuffing. When using metal laying it is at least to provide flanges to Ru of MPa 4,0.

6.4.6. To the flanges expected Ru from 6,3 of MPa and more instead of flanges with sealing surface like "ledge - the hollow" is allowed to apply flanges under laying of oval section or with smooth connecting ledge under gear metal laying.

6.5. Pro-masonry materials

6.5.1. Laying and pro-masonry materials for consolidation of flange connections depending on properties of the transported circle and its working parameters is recommended to be chosen according to appendix No. 14.

6.5.2. Except materials for the laying stated above application in flange connections of laying from different plastic taking into account their physical and chemical properties is allowed.

Laying from ftoroplastovy sealing material and ftoroplast is established in flange connections with sealing surface like "thorn groove".

6.6. Shaped details of pipelines

6.6.1. Shaped details of pipelines depending on parameters of the transported circle and service conditions are chosen on appendices No. 15; No. 16; No. 17; No. 18; No. 19.

6.6.2. Material of details of pipelines, corresponds to material of pipes. In case of application and welding diverse staly to be guided by instructions of Section 11.

6.7. Welded details of pipelines

6.7.1. In case of the choice of welded details of pipelines depending on aggression of the circle, temperature and pressure to be guided present by rules.

6.7.2. To make welding of shaped details of pipelines, quality control of their welded joints according to requirements of Section 11.

It is not allowed to correct defects of welding by substamping or subcooking without preliminary cutting down of defective places.

6.7.3. Branches from pipelines it is allowed to carry out special attention in case of the device of troynikovy connections to pay to quality of assembly under welding and welding works. It is not allowed to strengthen welded seams by means of stiffening ribs.

6.7.4. Welded tees apply up to 10 MPas with pressure of Ru.

Production of tees in field conditions is not allowed.

6.7.5. Branches 150-400 mm, welded with conditional pass, are allowed to be applied to pipelines with pressure of Ru of no more 6,3 of MPa.

Branches 500-1400 mm, welded with conditional pass, are allowed to be applied to pipelines with pressure of Ru of no more 2,5 of MPa.

6.7.6. Welded concentric and eccentric transitions from Du of 250-400 mm are allowed to be applied to pipelines with pressure of Ru to MPa 4,0, and with Du of 500-1400 mm in case of Ru to MPa 2,5.

Limits of application of steel transitions depending on temperature and aggression of the circle correspond to limits of application of the attached pipes, similar brands became.

Welded seams of transitions are subject to 100% to control ultrasonic or radio graphical by methods.

6.7.7. Welded crosspieces and forks are allowed to be applied to pipelines from carbonaceous staly at working temperature not higher plus 250 °C.

Crosspieces and forks from electrowelded pipes are allowed to be applied with pressure of no more 1,6 of MPa; at the same time they are made of the pipes recommended for application in case of Ru MPa 2,5 suffices.

Crosspieces and forks from seamless pipes are allowed to be applied with pressure of no more 2,5 of MPa on condition of production them from the pipes recommended for application in case of Ru MPa 4,0 suffices.

6.8. Bent and stamped details

6.8.1. Steeply curved branches are allowed to be applied to pipelines in case of Ru to MPa 10,0.

6.8.2. The Gladkognuty branches made of seamless pipes to Ru to MPa 10,0 apply instead of steeply curved and welded branches on pipelines with the pulsing circle flow, on pipelines in case of conditional pass of Du less than 40 mm first of all when it is required to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline as much as possible.

Limits of application of gladkognuty branches with radius of gib to big or equal two outer diameters of pipe from pipes of the operating range correspond to limits of application of pipes of which they are made. Application of branches with radius of smaller two outer diameters of pipe is proved by testing calculations of bent branches on durability.

6.8.3. Concentric stamped transitions and stamped tees are allowed to be used in case of Ru to MPa 10,0.

6.9. Caps

6.9.1. Caps are chosen depending on working parameters of the circle and specific conditions of operation.

6.9.2. Welded flat and ridge caps choose on appendices No. 20; No. 21.

6.9.3. Elliptic caps (appendix No. 22) is allowed to be established on pipelines in case of Ru to MPa 10,0.

6.9.4. Quick-detachable caps are applied according to recommendations of manufacturers.

6.9.5. The caps established between flanges are allowed to be applied to pipelines with Ru to MPa 10,0 (appendix No. 23).

6.9.6. The caps established between flanges quick-detachable, it is not allowed to apply to separation of two pipelines with different circles which mixing is inadmissible. The visual gap between pipelines is provided.

6.9.7. Quality of material of caps is confirmed by the certificate. It is allowed to constitute one certificate on batch of caps. The certificate on permanent caps is stored in installation register - removals of caps.

On each cap (on shaft, and in case of its absence - on cylindrical surface) are beaten accurately out number of cap, brand became, the conditional pressure and conditional pass.

6.9.8. Establish and remove caps on specifying of person of the control providing operation of the pipeline. Installation and removal of caps is noted in the magazine appendix No. 24.

6.10. Fasteners

6.10.1. Material for fasteners to flange connections of pipelines is chosen on appendix No. 25:

In case of production of hairpins, bolts and nuts the hardness of hairpins and bolts is higher than the hardness of nuts (appendix No. 26).

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