ORDER OF THE STATE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR REGULATION OF UKRAINE

of October 27, 2020 No. 436

About approval of Rules of safe transportation of radioactive materials (PBPRM-2020)

According to Articles 22, 24 Laws of Ukraine "About use of nuclear energy and radiation safety", for the purpose of enhancement of regulatory legal acts on regulation of nuclear and radiation safety in transit of radioactive materials ORDER:

1. Approve Rules of safe transportation of radioactive materials (PBPRM-2020) which are applied.

2. Declare invalid the order of the State committee of nuclear regulation of Ukraine of August 30, 2006 No. 132 "About approval of Rules of nuclear and radiation safety in transit of radioactive materials (PBPRM-2006)", registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on September 18, 2006 for No. 1056/12930.

3. (Lopatin S. D.) to provide to management concerning nuclear security and guarantees submission of this order on state registration in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in accordance with the established procedure.

4. This order becomes effective from the date of its official publication.

5. I reserve control of execution of this order.

It is approved: Chairman of the Public air service of Ukraine

A. Bilchuk

The chairman of Public service of Ukraine on emergency situations

M. Chechetkin

Minister of infrastructure of Ukraine

V. Krikly

Minister of Health of Ukraine

M. Stepanov

Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

A. Avakov

Chairman of National police of Ukraine

I. Klimenko

Acting as Chairman of the Public regulatory service of Ukraine

A. Miroshnichenko

Approved by the Order of the State inspection of nuclear regulation of Ukraine of October 27, 2020 No. 436

Rules of safe transportation of radioactive materials (PBPRM-2020)

I. General provisions

1. These Rules establish requirements for nuclear and radiation safety in transit of radioactive materials.

2. The purpose of these rules is establishment of requirements which observance is obligatory for safety and protection of people, property and the surrounding environment against harmful effects of ionizing radiation during transportation of radioactive materials. This protection is reached by obligatory application of measures on:

a) to content of radioactive content;

b) to control of capacity of external dose;

c) to prevention of criticality;

d) to prevention of damage to result of thermal impact.

Accomplishment of these requirements is provided in the way:

applications of the differentiated approach to limits of activity of content of packagings and means of transportation, and also normative characteristics of designs of packaging sets depending on danger which is constituted by radioactive content;

establishments of requirements to design and operation of packagings, and also servicing of packaging sets, including taking into account nature of radioactive content;

obligatory application of actions of all types of control, including, when necessary, procedures of approval which are performed by Gosatomregulirovaniya;

planning and preparation of actions for emergency reaction for protection of people, property and the surrounding environment.

3. These Rules are applied to transportation of radioactive materials by all types of land, water and air transport, including when transportation is connected with use of radioactive material.

Transportation includes all transactions and conditions which are connected with movement of radioactive material and constitute this process, in particular:

designing, production, servicing and repair of packaging set;

preparation, loading, sending, transportation, including transit storage, transportation after storage, unloading and acceptance in final destination of loads of radioactive materials and packagings.

In case of establishment of normative requirements in these rules the differentiated approach taking into account the following conditions of transportation is applied:

a) usual conditions of transportation (without any incidents);

b) normal conditions of transportation (insignificant incidents);

c) transportation emergencies.

4. These Rules do not extend on:

a) the radioactive materials which are integral part of means of transportation;

b) radioactive materials which move within any organization and fall under action of safety rules which are effective in this organization when movement does not provide use of highways or railroads public;

c) the radioactive materials implanted or entered into human body or animal for the purpose of diagnostics or treatment;

d) the radioactive materials containing in body or on body of the person owing to accidental or deliberate intake of radioactive material or influence of the pollution which is subject to transportation for treatment;

e) the radioactive materials containing in the consumer goods allowed by regulating authority to use after their sale to the end user;

f) the natural materials and ores containing natural radionuclides which could be processed provided that specific activity of such material does not exceed more than by 10 times of value specified in the table 1, or calculated according to Items 3(a) and 4 - 7 of the Section IV of these rules. For the natural materials and ores containing natural radionuclides which are not in age balance calculation of specific activity it is carried out according to Item 5 of the Section IV of these rules;

g) the non-radioactive firm objects with the radioactive materials which are present at any surfaces at the quantities which are not exceeding the levels determined in Item 26 of the Section II of these rules.

5. These Rules do not establish such measures as the choice of route or ensuring physical protection which can be entered for the reasons which are not connected with radiation safety. Any such measures consider radiation and not radiation dangers and shall not lead to variations from requirements of these Rules.

6. During transportation of radioactive materials reliable measures are applied to ensuring safety of these materials for prevention of their unlawful taking or damage and non-admission inadequate weakening of control over material.

7. In transit radioactive materials which have additional danger and also radioactive materials which are transported together with other dangerous goods the corresponding rules of transportation of dangerous goods are in addition applied.

II. Terms

In these Rules terms are used in such values:

1. Alpha emitters of low toxicity (Low toxicity alpha emitters) - natural uranium; depleted uranium; natural thorium; uranium-235 or uranium-238; thorium-232; the thorium-228 and thorium-230, containing in ores or in the form of physical and chemical concentrates; or alpha emitters with half-life period less than 10 days.

2. Multilateral approval (Multilateral approval) - approval of countries of source of design by the relevant competent authorities or transportations and competent authorities of transit countries and purposes of load according to requirements of these Rules.

3. Consignment - any packaging or any packagings, or the batch of radioactive material provided by the consignor for transportation.

4. Cargo container - small, big (Freight container - small, large) - the piece of the transport equipment having steady design and, respectively, rather strong for reuse, which is specially designed for simplification of transportation by this or that mode of transport without intermediate overload of content and its design provides reliable fixture and/or simplicity of processing for what it is supplied with proper devices. The term "Cargo container" does not extend to the vehicle.

The small cargo container means cargo container which unobstructed capacity does not exceed 3 m3. The big cargo container means cargo container which unobstructed capacity exceeds 3 m3.

5. The cargo aircraft (Cargo aircraft) - any aircraft, except the passenger aircraft which transports load or property.

6. Consignor is any person, any organization performing preparation of load for transportation.

7. Consignee is any person, any organization who receive load.

8. Exclusive use (Exclusive use) - use only by one consignor of means of transportation or big cargo container concerning which all initial, intermediate and final loading and unloading, and also transport transactions are performed according to instructions of the consignor or consignee.

The freight list, requiring exclusive use, is specified in appendix 1.

9. Ensuring compliance with Rules (Compliance assurance) - the program of the systematic measures performed by Gosatomregulirovany for the purpose of ensuring accomplishment of provisions of these rules in practice.

10. Means of transportation (Conveyance) means:

a) in case of transportation across highways or by rail - any vehicle;

b) in case of transportation across waterways - any vessel or any hold, compartment or certain part of the deck of the vessel;

c) for transportation by air - any aircraft.

11. Safety index on criticality (Criticality safety index - CSI) - the transport packet or cargo container containing the sharing material, the number which is used for control of total quantity of the packagings, transport packets or cargo containers containing the sharing material established for packaging.

12. Competent authority (Competent authority) - any body or the organization appointed or otherwise recognized as those for any purpose in connection with these Rules.

13. Design - the description sharing - the exempted material which conforms to requirements of Item 19(f) of the Section IV of these rules, radioactive material of special form, radioactive material with low capability to dispersion, packaging or packaging set which allows to identify them completely. This description can include specifications, technical documentation (drawings), reports confirming observance of requirements of these Rules, and also other corresponding documentation.

14. Container of average load-carrying capacity for bulk goods (Intermediate bulk container) (further - IBC) - packaging set which can be moved, and which:

a) no more than 3 m3 have amount;

b) has the design allowing to perform the mechanized load handling;

c) maintains as it is provided by testing, the loadings arising in case of materials handling operations and transportation.

15. The maximum normal working pressure (Maximum normal operating pressure) - the maximum pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure at sea level which can arise in system of sealing within one year in the conditions of the temperature condition and solar radiation corresponding to surrounding conditions without aeration or dumping of excessive pressure, external chilling by means of additional system or without measures of operational control during transportation.

16. Unirradiated thorium (Unirradiated thorium) - the thorium containing no more than 107 g of uranium-233 on thorium-232 gram.

17. Unirradiated uranium (Unirradiated uranium) - the uranium containing no more than 2·103 Bq of plutonium on uranium-235, gram no more than 9·106 Bq of fission products on gram of uranium-235 and no more than 5·103 g of uranium-236 on uranium-235 gram.

18. Unilateral approval (Unilateral approval) - approval of design which is required from competent authority only of country of source of this design.

19. The passenger aircraft (Passenger aircraft) - the aircraft transporting any person except crew members, employees who work for carrier and are on duty, the authorized representative of the relevant national authority or person accompanying load or other loads.

20. Carrier (Carrier) - any person, any organization transporting radioactive material any kind of transport.

21. Specific activity (Specific activity) of radionuclide - activity per unit mass this radionuclide. Specific activity of material - activity per unit mass material in which radionuclides are generally distributed regularly.

22. The designated part of the deck (Defined deck area) - part of the main deck of the vessel or the deck for vehicles of the vessel or the ferry boat, with horizontal method of loading on which the place for placement and stacking of radioactive materials is allocated.

23. Capacity of dose (Dose rate) - ambient equivalent of dose or directed equivalent of dose, depending on circumstances, for unit of time, measured in certain point.

24. Natural uranium (Uranium natural) - the uranium (which can be chemically distinguished) containing natural mix of isotopes of uranium (approximately 99,28 of % of uranium-238 and 0,72 of % of uranium-235 on weight). Depleted uranium (Uranium - depleted) - the uranium containing amount of uranium-235 smaller in percentage terms on weight in comparison with natural uranium. Enriched uranium (Uranium - enriched) - the uranium containing amount of uranium-235 in percentage terms on the mass of more 0,72 of %. At all cases there is amount of uranium-234, very small in percentage terms on weight.

25. The program of radiation protection (Radiation Protection Programme) - the systematic, structured control measures documented which are performed for ensuring radiation protection.

26. Radioactive pollution (Contamination) - radioactivity availability on surface in the quantities exceeding 0,4 of Bq/cm2 beta and gamma-emitters and for alpha emitters of low toxicity, or 0,04 of Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

Unstable radioactive pollution (Non-fixed contamination) - radioactive pollution which can be removed from surface in usual conditions of transportation.

The fixed radioactive pollution (Fixed contamination) - radioactive pollution which is not unstable radioactive pollution.

27. Radioactive content (Radioactive contents) - radioactive material together with any is radioactive the contaminated or activated solid substances, liquids and gases containing in packaging set.

28. System of sealing (Containment system) - the system of elements of packaging set determined by the designer for content of radioactive material during transportation.

29. The system of localization (Confinement system) - the system of placement of the sharing material and elements of packaging set determined by the designer and approved by competent authority as the system intended to ensure safety on criticality.

30. Management system activities (Management system) - set (system) of the interconnected or interacting elements for establishment of policy and the purposes and ensuring effective and productive achievement of these purposes.

31. Special conditions (Special arrangement) - the conditions approved by competent authority in which the loads which are not meeting the applicable requirements of these rules can be transported.

32. Vessel - any ocean ship or means for in-land navigation used for cargo hauling.

33. The transport index (Transport index - TI) - the number appropriated to packaging, transport packet or cargo container, or unpacked materials with low specific activity (LSA-I) and to objects with superficial radioactive pollution (SCO-I or SCO-III) which is used for ensuring control of radiation exposure.

34. Vehicle - the road vehicle (including the saddle road train, that is connection of the truck tractor and semitrailer truck) either railway platform or the rail car. Each trail car is considered as the separate vehicle.

35. Transport packet (Overpack) - means of packaging for forming by one consignor of separate unit of cargo which contains one or more packagings for convenience in case of cargo operations and stacking during transportation.

36. Shipment - special movement of load from the place of its origin to the destination.

37. Through the territory or on the territory (Through or into) means cargo hauling through the territory or on the territory of the countries, but does not include the countries over which territory the load is transported by air provided that landings in these countries are not provided.

38. Tank - the figurative tank (including container tank), truck tank, the cistern car or reservoir for solid substances, liquids or gases with a capacity at least 450 l in case of its use for transportation of gaseous substances.

III. Basic provisions

1. In transit radioactive materials of dose of individual radiation shall not exceed the limits of doses of radiation set by the State hygienic standard rates "Regulations of radiation safety of Ukraine (NRBU-97)", approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine of July 14, 1997 No. 208, enacted by the resolution of the Chief state health officer of Ukraine of December 1, 1997 No. 62 (further - NRBU-97). Protection and safety are optimized so that the size of individual doses, number of persons which are irradiated and probability of radiation kept so low as far as it can be reached taking into account economic and social factors provided that doses which are received by individuals are limited to limits of doses, at the same time the interrelation of transportation with other types of activity is considered.

2. The program of radiation protection is developed for transportation of radioactive materials. Nature and amount died, provided in the program, depend on size and probability of radiation. The program considers the requirements specified in Items 1, 3 - 5, 11 these Sections and in Item 1 of the Section VII of these rules.

3. In case of professional radiation in case of performance of works, connected with transportation when, according to assessment, receipt of effective dose is probable in limits:

a) 1 - 6 мЗв in year, it is necessary to perform programs of assessment of doses by radiation control of workplaces or individual radiation control;

b) more than 6 мЗв in year, it is necessary to carry out individual radiation control.

Individual radiation control or radiation control of workplaces is documentary drawn up according to requirements of the Basic health regulations of ensuring radiation safety of Ukraine approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine of February 2, 2005 No. 54, registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on May 20, 2005 for No. 552/10832.

4. In case of accident during the transportation connected with radioactive materials it is necessary to adhere to the provisions established by the legislation of Ukraine for protection of people, property and the surrounding environment. Consignors and carriers develop actions for preparation and reaction according to the Provision on the planning of actions and actions on case of accidents during transportation of radioactive materials approved by the order of the State committee of nuclear regulation of Ukraine of April 7, 2005 No. 38, registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on April 22, 2005 for No. 431/10711.

5. Actions for preparation and reaction are based on the differentiated approach and consider the revealed dangers and their potential effects, including formation of other dangerous substances which can arise owing to reaction of content of load and the surrounding environment in case of the accident connected with radioactive materials during transportation.

6. The management system is developed and applied by activities to all activities specified in Item 3 of the Section I of these rules including designing, production, assembly, survey, testing, maintenance, repair, modification of design, use, purchases, cargo operations, transportation, storage, deactivation and other transactions which are directly connected with transportation of radioactive materials.

7. Gosatomregulirovaniya provides observance of these Rules by development and deployment of the systematic actions aimed at providing accomplishment of provisions of these rules with participants of transportation of radioactive materials.

8. Gosatomregulirovaniya takes measures for carrying out estimates of doses of radiation which are received by personnel in connection with transportation of radioactive materials, for the purpose of ensuring compliance of NRBU-97 of systems of protection and safety.

9. In case of discrepancy of any limits of capacity of dose or radioactive pollution to the limits set by these rules:

a) the consignor, the consignee, carrier and/or any organization which participates in transportation which interests are violated or can be broken, are informed on discrepancy:

1) carrier if discrepancy is revealed during transportation;

2) the consignee if discrepancy is revealed in case of receipt of load;

b) the consignor, carrier or the consignee according to the competence shall:

1) to take immediate measures to reduce discrepancy effects;

2) to investigate discrepancy of any limits of capacity of dose or radioactive pollution to the limits set by these rules and the reasons of its origin, circumstance and effect;

3) to take necessary measures for elimination of the reasons and circumstances which resulted in discrepancy and prevention of repeating of the reasons and circumstances similar to that resulted in discrepancy;

4) to notify Gosatomregulirovaniya on the reasons of discrepancy and the adjusting or warning measures which were or will be accepted;

c) the notification on discrepancy goes to the consignor and to Gosatomregulirovaniya as soon as it is almost possible, and immediately in each case when there is emergency radiation.

10. Loads, in transit who are impracticable for reaching compliance to requirements of these rules are transported only in special conditions. By Gosatomregulirovaniya in case of establishment of the fact that impracticablly to reach transportation compliance to provisions of these rules, and the obligatory rules of safety established by these rules are respected due to application of the means alternative to requirements of these rules, approves transactions on transportation of separate cargo or the planned series of several loads in special conditions. General level of safety in transit shall be equivalent, at least, to the level which would be provided in case of accomplishment of all applicable requirements of these Rules. For international delivery of loads of this kind multilateral approval is required.

11. The personnel and officials of the consignor, the consignee, carrier and/or any organization participating in transportation shall have the corresponding training on radiation protection, including preparation on application of preventive measures to which it is necessary to adhere to reduce professional radiation to which they are exposed and radiation of other persons who could suffer as a result of their actions.

12. Persons involved in transportation of radioactive materials shall be trained according to requirements of these Rules in the part concerning their obligations.

13. Persons, which:

classify radioactive materials;

pack radioactive materials;

put marking, signs of danger and information displays;

prepare transport documents on radioactive materials;

send or accept radioactive materials for transportation;

load or unload packagings on / or from means of transportation;

transport or interact with radioactive materials during transportation

shall have such training:

a) acquaintance with general provisions of these Rules:

description of categories of radioactive materials; requirements to drawing signs of danger, marking, placement of information displays, requirements to packaging sets and to separation in transit radioactive materials; the description of the purpose and contents of the transport document on radioactive materials; the description of the available documentation on emergency reaction;

b) functional and specialized training in requirements of these Rules in transit radioactive materials which this person shall carry out according to the obligations;

c) training in safety issues taking into account risk of radiation in case of leakage of radioactive materials, and job responsibilities relatively:

1) methods and procedures which need to be applied to avoidance of accident, such as the correct use of the cargo equipment for work with packagings and the corresponding methods of the conclusion of radioactive material;

2) information of rather emergency reaction and its use;

3) the general views of danger inherent in different categories of radioactive material, and methods of prevention of influence of such factors of danger, including if it is necessary, use of individual protective clothes and individual protection equipment;

4) immediate procedures which shall be applied in case of accidental release of radioactive material, including any procedures of response to emergency for which person is responsible, and also procedures of individual protection to which it is necessary to adhere.

14. The employer records all completed training courses in the field of safety and issues to the worker at its request the corresponding reference.

15. Training which is required according to Item 13 of this Section is provided or checked in case of employment, connected with transportation of radioactive materials, and retraining is periodically carried out.

The training programs developed taking into account requirements of Item 13 of this Section are approved with Gosatomregulirovany.

Training is provided according to the Procedure for carrying out training and examination concerning radiation safety of personnel and officials of subjects of separate types of activity in the field of use of nuclear energy approved by the order of the State inspection of nuclear regulation of Ukraine of October 2, 2014 No. 143, registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on December 2, 2014 for No. 1549/26326.

IV. Requirements to radioactive materials

1. Any material containing radionuclides in which specific activity, and also total activity of load exceed the values specified in Items 2 - 7 these Sections is radioactive material.

2. The following major importances for separate radionuclides are given in table 1:

a) A1 and A2 in TBK, where

A1 - the value of activity of radioactive material of special form specified in the table 1, or is determined according to Items 3 - 7 these Sections and are used in case of determination of limits of activity for requirements of these Rules,

A2 - the value of activity of other radioactive material (radioactive materials of other form) specified in the table 1, or is determined according to Items 3 - 7 these Sections and are used in case of determination of limits of activity for requirements of these rules;

b) specific activity for materials to which full relief, in Bq/g does not extend;

c) activity limits for loads to which full relief in Bq extends.

3. For separate radionuclides:

a) not specified in the table 1, major importances for radionuclides according to the table 2, without approval by Gosatomregulirovany are used.

In case of calculation of major importances for the radionuclides specified in Item 2 of this Section they are subject multilateral to approval. Concerning these radionuclides specific activity of material and limits of activity for loads to which full relief extends are calculated according to the principles established in the document "by Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, IAEA, Vienna (2014)". It is allowed to use value A 2, calculated with use of dose coefficient for the corresponding type of pulmonary absorption, according to recommendations of International commission about radiological protection provided that chemical forms of each radionuclide are taken into account, as in normal, and in an emergency transportations;

b) in devices or products in which radioactive material contains or is component of the device or other industrial product and which conform to requirements of Item 18(c) of the Section VI of these rules are admissible major importances for radionuclides, alternative that which is specified in table 1 relatively activity limits for load to which full relief extends, and require multilateral approval. Such limits of activity for load to which full relief extends are calculated according to the principles established in the document "by Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, IAEA, Vienna (2014)".

4. When calculating the sizes A1 and A2 for the radionuclide which is not specified in the table 1, one chain of radioactive decay in which radionuclides are present at natural proportions and in which there is no secondary radionuclide with the half-life period exceeding or 10 days or half-life period of maternal radionuclide is considered as one radionuclide; despite activity and value which is applied of A1 or A2 there shall correspond to activity and value of maternal radionuclide this chains. For chains of radioactive decay in which any secondary radionuclide has the half-life period exceeding 10 days or half-life period of maternal radionuclide maternal radionuclide and such secondary radionuclides are considered as mix of different radionuclides.

5. In case of mixes of radionuclides major importances about which it is told in Item 2 of this Section are determined so:

where	f(i)	-	share of activity or specific activity of i-go of radionuclide in mix;
	X (i)	-	the corresponding A1 or A2 value or respectively specific activity for material to which full relief, or activity limit for load to which full relief, concerning i-go value of radionuclide extends extends;
	Хм	-	derivative A1 or A2 value or specific activity for material to which full relief, or activity limit for load to which release, concerning mix extends extends.

Table 1. Major importances for radionuclides

Radionuclide (atomic number)	A1	A2	Specific activity of material, to which full relief extends	Activity limit for load, to which full relief extends
	(TBK)	(TBK)	(Bq/g)	(Bq)
Actinium (89)
Expert-225 (a)	8·10-1	6·10-3	1·10-1	1·10-4
Expert-227 (a)	9·10-1	9·10-5	1·10-1	1·10-3
Expert-228	6·10-1	5·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-6
Silver (47)
Ag-105	2·10-0	2·10-0	1·10-2	1·10-6
Ag-108m (a)	7·10-1	7·10-1	1·10-1 (b)	1·10-6 (b)
Ag-110m (a)	4·10-1	4·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-6
Ag-111	2·10-0	6·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-6
Aluminum (13)
Al-26	1·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-5
Americium (95)
Am-241	1·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-0	1·10-4
Am-242m (a)	1·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-0 (b)	1·10-4 (b)
Am-243 (a)	5·10-0	1·10-3	1·10-0 (b)	1·10-3 (b)
Argon (18)
Ar-37	4·10-1	4·10-1	1·10-6	1·10-8
Ar-39	4·10-1	2·10-1	1·10-7	1·10-4
Ar-41	3·10-1	3·10-1	1·10-2	1·10-9
Arsen (33)
As-72	3·10-1	3·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-5
As-73	4·10-1	4·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-7
As-74	1·10-0	9·10-1	1·10-1	1·10-6
As-76	3·10-1	3·10-1	1·10-2	1·10-5
As-77	2·10-1	7·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-6
Astatine (85)
At-211 (a)	2·10-1	5·10-1	1·10-3	1·10-7
Gold (79)
Au-193	7·10-0	2·10-0	1·10-2	1·10-7
Au-194	1·10-0	1·10-0	1·10-1	1·10-6

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