LAW OF UKRAINE

of January 17, 2002 No. 2988-III

About the Nation-wide development program of water economy

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decides:

1. Approve the Nation-wide development program of water economy (further - the Program) which is attached.

2. This Law becomes effective from the date of its publication.

3. To the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine:

1) in three-months time from the date of entry into force of this Law to bring into accord with this Law the regulatory legal acts concerning accomplishment of the following programs:

"The comprehensive program of protection against harmful effect of waters of rural settlements and agricultural holdings in Ukraine in 2001-2005 and the forecast till 2010";

"The comprehensive program of development of land reclamation and improvement of ecological condition of the irrigated and drained grounds in 2001-2005 and the forecast till 2010";

"The comprehensive program of first-priority providing the rural settlements using imported water, centralized water supply in 2001-2005 and the forecast till 2010";

"The program of complex antiflood protection in the basin of the river. Yew in the Transcarpathian region for 2002-2006 and the forecast till 2015";

"The national program of ecological improvement of the basin of Dnieper and improvement of quality of drinking water";

2) it is excluded

3) to develop and provide to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the bill of Ukraine on National ecological fund;

4) to develop and approve procedure for priority financing from the State fund of protection of the surrounding environment of the nation-wide ecological programs approved by the laws of Ukraine.

4. To the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regional, Kiev and Sevastopol city public administrations:

develop till 2003, within the competence, adequate measures on accomplishment of provisions of the Program;

in case of project development of the law on the Government budget of Ukraine and local budgets to provide in budgets necessary means for ensuring accomplishment of this Program.

 

Approved by the Law of Ukraine of January 17, 2002 No. 2988-III

Nation-wide development program of water economy

Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

This Program is directed to realization of state policy on improvement of providing with high-quality water of the population and industries of economy, the solution of water management and environmental problems, creation of conditions for transition to steady and effective functioning of water management complex.

Development of the Program is determined by the following factors:

providing ecological safety and protection of the surrounding environment in the territory of Ukraine is obligation of the state;

water resources are object of the property right of the people of Ukraine;

water resources provide all spheres of life and economic activity of the person, are the important component of natural resources considerably determining possibilities of development of the industry and agricultural industry, placement of settlements, the organizations of rest and health protection of people;

attraction of large volumes of water resources in the economic circulation and their pollution, change of the hydrological mode on catchment areas which entailed violation of natural balance, sharp decline in quality of water resource potential, dominance of degradatsionny processes over the self-recovery and self-clearing capability of water systems;

need of the problem resolution of complex development of water economy taking into account requirements of ensuring protection and rational use of all natural resources, modern changes in environmental management, strategy of social development of the country.

Section II. PURPOSE, MAIN OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES, DIRECTIONS of the PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

The purpose of the Program is introduction of the state policy directed to prevention of increase of anthropogenous impact on the environment, providing ecologically safe conditions of life activity of the population and economic activity, protection of water resources against pollution and depletion, rational use of water resources, ensuring steady functioning of ecosystems in basins of the rivers of Ukraine, prevention of harmful effect of water and liquidation of its effects.

Premises of development and introduction of the Program is understanding and recognition of the fact that:

the problem resolution in the field of environmental protection and use of natural resources is the priority direction of state policy in implementation of social and economic reforms;

reforming of economic complex shall be carried out with sufficient guaranteeing ecological safety of the population, recovery of the surrounding environment;

the unsatisfactory ecological condition of water objects is the main reason of quality degradation of drinking water that causes spread of diseases and deterioration in health of the population.

The principles of development of water economy are:

priority of development of system of water use for the social sphere;

the development of regions which is ecologically balanced on water factor taking into account condition and the forecast of change of water resources;

implementation of water saving and energy-saving technologies in economy industries;

integrated approach to territorial production organization, the earth - and water use depending on water resource value of this or that pool;

program and target planning method, forecasting and organization of water management activities;

ekologo-economic and sanitary and hygienic regulation, public administration by water use with provision of unconditional priority to preserving water resources, maintenance of favorable conditions for functioning of landscapes of catchment basins and ecological condition of water objects;

priority of economic levers of regulation of the water relations, their optimum combination to organizational and legal measures;

observance of the existing international treaties in the field of the water relations, cooperation with neighboring states in questions of use and protection of water resources, prevention of harmful effect of water on cross-border water objects;

planning and introduction of methods of water use, protection of waters, reproduction of the water resources which are based on the basin principles of management;

broad involvement of the public to processes of discussion, planning, control of processes of use of water resources.

The main objectives of this Program are determined in stages of its realization.

Accomplishment of tasks and measures of the Program is performed in the following priority directions:

1) improvement of quality of providing with water resources of the population and industries of economy, including construction (reconstruction) and increase in ecological reliability of water storage basins, channels, conduits, systems of water supply (growth in volumes of use of underground waters for drinking water supply, attraction in economic circulation of sea and mine waters, etc.), in particular:

reduction of amounts of pollution from point sources;

reduction of amounts of pollution from diffusion sources;

reduction of amounts of pollution from the atmosphere;

creation of single system of control of movement of dangerous substances;

reforming and enhancement of system of the address with household and industrial wastes;

streamlining of use of water resources on objects of housing and communal services, industry, agricultural industry;

ensuring ecologically safe functioning of water storage basins, channels, conduits and other artificially created water objects;

prevention of pollution of underground waters, expansion of works on creation of network of artesian wells for providing the population with drinking water;

prevention of emergence of emergency situations on water objects, enhancement of means of liquidation of their effects;

creation of complex, nation-wide monitoring system of water resources;

2) rational and ecologically safe use of water resources, increase in technological level of water use, implementation of shallow and anhydrous technologies (recycling of sewage, enhancement of the closed (drainless) systems of production water supply, attraction in economic circulation of sea and mine waters, etc.), in particular:

implementation of the latest, water saving, energy-saving, complex technologies of purification of the contaminated waters, first of all in municipal services;

implementation in the industry of the technologies providing use of the sea, mineralized underground and mine waters;

ensuring accounting of use of waters;

development and introduction of more rational standard rates of water use;

inventory count of intakes of water objects of economic activity and physical persons;

creation of system of conducting environmental assessments and environmental audit for the purpose of assessment of impact of production technologies and ecological situations on water resources;

3) streamlining of structure of the natural territories and lands which are intensively used, optimization of water balances of river basins, ensuring stability and improvement of ecological situation, maintenance of the water regulating functions of landscapes of the water-collecting territories, in particular:

development of specific modes of water use within the catchment basins determined by this Program;

development of evidence-based recommendations about introduction of specific modes of water use for natural and anthropogenous grounds;

creation of geographic information system of assessment, forecasting and monitoring of water balances in catchment basins, with bank of ekologo-water management information;

recovery and preserving water reproductive capability of landscapes by achievement of optimum ratio of grounds of different types in catchment basins of the rivers;

creation and streamlining of the water protection zones and coastal strips;

expansion of network of natural and reserved fund, its streamlining and content;

creation of protective afforestations, carrying out zalesneniye of the territories in catchment basins of the rivers, revival of sources, their certification, reproduction and preserving wetlands;

accomplishment of measures for increase in specific variety of fauna and vegetation in water objects, prevention of euthrophication of reservoirs;

4) recovery and maintenance of the favorable hydrological mode of water objects and prevention of harmful effect of water, in particular:

accomplishment of actions for coast protection, construction of antierosion hydraulic engineering constructions, protective dikes, etc.;

clearing of beds of the rivers, maintenance of necessary sanitary condition of the rivers;

forming of ecologically resistant agrolandscapes, preservation of the degraded agricultural holdings;

development and introduction of the effective and strict control system behind observance of instructions for use water objects, the mode of the water protection zones and coastal strips, observance of rules of their use;

accomplishment of actions for withdrawal of surface water in flooding zones, carrying out meliorative works;

5) ensuring reliable functioning of hydromeliorative complex, in particular:

functioning optimization, reconstruction upgrade of the available meliorative systems;

compulsory execution of environmental assessment of projects of creation of new meliorative and irrigating systems;

implementation of technologies of drainage system with use of wind power installations;

Enhancement of management of water use, protection and reproduction of water resources provides 6), in particular:

enhancement of legislative and other regulatory framework for introduction of state policy in the field of use of water resources;

improvement of ecological condition of water objects on the basis of the basin principle in approach to management of water use and protection of waters;

development and approval at the legislative level of regulations on the basin principle of management of water use and protection of waters, reproduction of water resources and ecological improvement of water objects;

introduction of mutually agreed normative and methodical bases of systems of accounting, monitoring and control of water use, protection of waters and reproduction of water resources.

In case of accomplishment of the Program for the priority directions determined above the corresponding current projects, plans and measures are developed and implemented.

Section III. CURRENT STATE of the WATER ECONOMY. FORECAST of WATER USE

1. Water resources of Ukraine

In Ukraine there are 63119 rivers, including big (the area of reservoir more than 50 thousand sq. kilometers) - 9, averages (from 2 to 50 thousand sq. kilometers) - 81 and small (less than 2 thousand sq. kilometers) - 63029. Total length of the rivers constitutes 206,4 of one thousand kilometers, from them 90 percent are the share of the small rivers.

For elimination of territorial and temporary irregularity of distribution of drain water supply in Ukraine is performed by means of 1160 water storage basins (with a total amount nearly 55 cubic kilometers), more than 28 thousand ponds, 7 big channels (with a general extent of 1021 kilometer, handling capacity of 1000 cubic meters per second), 10 big conduits on which water is pumped to shallow areas. Water storage basins of the Dnieper cascade with the net volume of 18,7 of cubic kilometers provide more than a half of amount of water use.

On long-term observations potential resources of river waters constitute 209, cubic kilometer of which only 25 percent are created within Ukraine, the others arrive from the Russian Federation, Belarus, Romania. Forecast resources of underground waters constitute 21 cubic kilometers.

Geographical distribution of water resources not fully corresponds to placement of water capacious industries of economic complex. Water resources, available to wide use, are created mainly in catchment basins of Dnieper, Dniester, the Seversky Donets, the Southern and Western Bug, and also the small rivers of Priazovye and Black Sea Coast. The greatest number of water resources is concentrated in the rivers of catchment basin of Danube in frontier areas of Ukraine where the need for water does not exceed 5 percent of its general inventories. Also the southern areas of Ukraine where the greatest consumers of water are concentrated are least provided with the water resources Donbass, Krivorozhye, Crimea.

Distribution of river drain in regional section is given in the table 1 of appendix 1.

Water resources of the rivers in basin section are given in the table 2 of appendix 1.

Balance sheet inventories of local water drain average 52,4 of cubic kilometer, and in shallow years - 29,7 of cubic kilometer. The amount of underground waters considered in resource part of water management balance makes 7 cubic kilometers. Besides, in industries of economy it is used about 1 cubic kilometer of sea water.

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